01. Understanding Health Flashcards
Describe physical health and wellbeing
- functioning of the body and its systems
- physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks with ease.
Describe social health and wellbeing
- ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships - ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
Describe mental health and wellbeing
- state of wellbeing relating to the mind or brain
- ability to think and process information.
Describe emotional health and wellbeing
- express emotions and feelings in a positive (appropriate) way.
- ability to display resilience.
Describe spiritual health and wellbeing
- A sense of purpose in life
- connection or sense of belonging.
List two examples of optimal physical health and wellbeing
- Good functioning body systems
- Adequate energy levels
- Free of disease or illness
List two examples of poor physical health and wellbeing
-High blood pressure
- Unhealthy body weight
- Poor physical fitness
List two examples of optimal social health and wellbeing
- Having a close knit family and or friends means increased meaningful relationship
- Being part of a sporting team or community group means increased chance of positive relationships.
- Productive workplace relationships
List two examples of poor social health and wellbeing
- Not being able to communicate appropriately e.g. swearing - Language barriers can lead to a decrease in meaningful relationships
- A decreased ability to manage and adapt appropriately to different social situations
List two examples of optimal mental health and wellbeing
- Low levels of worry or anxiety e.g. about finance,
- Increased sense of confidence and self esteem
List two examples of poor mental health and wellbeing
- Poor body image
- High levels of stress and anxiety
- Low confidence or self esteem
List two examples of optimal emotional health and wellbeing
- Increased resilience
- Being happy when something goes well is an appropriate expression of feelings or emotions
- Being disappointed when someone lets you down e.g. lies to you shows an appropriate expression of feelings or emotions
List two examples of poor emotional health and wellbeing
- decreased resilience
- inappropriate display of emotion
List two examples of optimal spiritual health and wellbeing
- Feeling part of a community shows a high sense of belonging
- Having a job or being a parent can have an increased sense of purpose in life
List two examples of poor spiritual health and wellbeing
- Isolated during COVID lockdown = decreased sense of belonging
- feeling a loss of connection with your surroundings
- Lacks principles or values, or does not act to according to them
- No sense of purpose, or unable to see greater meaning in life
Define health status
An individuals or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
Define life expectancy
The number of years of life a person is expected to live/remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change
Describe mortality rate
The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor in a 12 month period.
Define morbidity rate
Refers to ill health in an individual or population or group.
Describe infant mortality rate (IMR)
The rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births.
Describe under 5 mortality rate (U5MR)
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.
Describe Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at any given time.
Describe Heart Attack
Occurs when one of the vessels feeding the heart with oxygen becomes completely blocked
Describe Stroke
Occurs when blood vessels feeding the brain with oxygen becomes blocked
Causes of CVD?
High cholesterol levels in the blood, High blood pressure, Smoking, Lack of physical activity, Excess body weight (strain on the heart)
Describe atherosclerosis
The build up of plaque on blood vessel walls, hardening and narrowing blood vessels, making it harder for blood to get through.
What is diabetes mellitus
A metabolic disease which leads to high blood glucose levels from defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both.
List the three types of diabetes
Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational
Describe Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the pancreas does not produce insulin
Describe Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes develops over a long period of time (years). During this period of time insulin resistance starts, this is where the insulin is increasingly ineffective at managing the blood glucose levels.
Describe gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. The hormones produced by the placenta hormones also block the action of the insulin.
Describe lung cancer
Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. These cells can eventually prevent healthy cells from transferring oxygen to the blood cells.
Describe Asthma
A chronic condition that affects the small air passages of the lungs. When exposed to certain triggers the airways narrow, making it difficult to breathe.
Describe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Progressive, long term lung diseases where damage to the lungs obstructs oxygen intake making breathing difficult. Two most common forms are emphysema and bronchitis.
Examples of COPD?
Emphysema, bronchitis
What is osteoporosis
Porous bones. Bone density decreases which then decreases the strength of the bone increasing risk of fractures.
What is dementia
A group of conditions characterised by gradual impairment of brain function, the leading cause is Alzheimers disease.
What is Alzheimers disease
A progressive and irreversible loss of brain function; as brain function deteriorates, it interferes with normal behavior patterns, thinking, memory, language and speech.
Describe Incidence
The number of new cases of a disease or condition in a population in a specified period.
What is Cardiovascular Disease
All diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Caused mainly by reduced blood supply to the heart, brain and legs (usually caused by atherosclerosis).
Define health and wellbeing
The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterized by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks with ease.
Physical health and wellbeing
Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
Social health and wellbeing
The current state of wellbeing relating to a persons mind or brain and the ability to think and process information.
Mental health and wellbeing
Relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive (appropriate) way. It is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience.
Emotional health and wellbeing
Not material in nature, but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. A sense of purpose in life, connection or sense of belonging are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Spiritual health and wellbeing
Good functioning body systems, adequate energy levels & Free of disease or illness are examples of which H & WB dimension?
Optimal physical health and wellbeing
High blood pressure, Unhealthy body weight, Poor physical fitness are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Poor physical health and wellbeing
Having a close knit family and or friends means increased meaningful relationships. Being part of a sporting team or community group means increased chance of positive relationships. Productive workplace relationships
Optimal social health and wellbeing
Not being able to communicate appropriately e.g. swearing, - Language barriers can lead to a decrease in meaningful relationships. A decreased ability to manage and adapt appropriately to different social situations are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Poor social health and wellbeing
Low levels of worry or anxiety eg about finance, Increased sense of confidence and self esteem are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Optimal mental health and wellbeing
Poor body image, High levels of stress and anxiety, Low confidence or self esteem are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Poor mental health and wellbeing
Increased resilience, Being happy when something goes well is an appropriate expression of feelings or emotions, Being disappointed when someone lets you down e.g. lies to you shows an appropriate expression of feelings or emotions are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Optimal emotional health and wellbeing
decreased resilience, inappropriate display of emotion are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Poor emotional health and wellbeing
Feeling part of a community shows a high sense of belonging, Having a job or being a parent can have an increased sense of purpose in life are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Optimal spiritual health and wellbeing
Isolated during COVID lockdown = decreased sense of belonging, feeling a loss of connection with your surroundings, Lacks principles or values, or does not act to according to them. No sense of purpose, or unable to see greater meaning in life are examples of which H&WB dimension?
Poor spiritual health and wellbeing
An individuals or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
Health status
The number of years of life a person is expected to live/remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change
Life expectancy
The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor in a 12 month period.
Mortality rate
Refers to ill health in an individual or population or group.
Morbidity rate
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.
Under 5 mortality rate (U5MR)
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at any given time.
Prevalence
Occurs when one of the vessels feeding the heart with oxygen becomes completely blocked
Heart Attack
Occurs when blood vessels feeding the brain with oxygen becomes blocked
Stroke
High cholesterol levels in the blood, High blood pressure, Smoking, Lack of physical activity, Excess body weight (strain on the heart) are all causes of what?
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
The build up of plaque on blood vessel walls, hardening and narrowing blood vessels, making it harder for blood to get through.
Atherosclerosis
A metabolic disease which leads to high blood glucose levels from defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both.
Diabetes
Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational are all types of what?
Types of diabetes
An autoimmune condition in which the pancreas does not produce insulin
Type 1 diabetes
Develops over a long period of time (years). During this period of time insulin resistance starts, this is where the insulin is increasingly ineffective at managing the blood glucose levels.
Type 2 diabetes
A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. The hormones produced by the placenta hormones also block the action of the insulin.
Gestational diabetes
Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. These cells can eventually prevent healthy cells from transferring oxygen to the blood cells.
Lung cancer
A chronic condition that affects the small air passages of the lungs. When exposed to certain triggers the airways narrow, making it difficult to breathe.
Asthma
Progressive, long term lung diseases where damage to the lungs obstructs oxygen intake making breathing difficult. Two most common forms are emphysema and bronchitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Emphysema, bronchitis are examples of what?
COPD
Porous bones. Bone density decreases which then decreases the strength of the bone increasing risk of fractures.
Osteoporosis
A group of conditions characterised by gradual impairment of brain function, the leading cause is Alzheimers disease.
Dementia
A progressive and irreversible loss of brain function; as brain function deteriorates, it interferes with normal behavior patterns, thinking, memory, language and speech.
What is Alzheimers disease
The number of new cases of a disease or condition in a population in a specified period.
Describe Incidence
All diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Caused mainly by reduced blood supply to the heart, brain and legs (usually caused by atherosclerosis).
What is Cardiovascular Disease
The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterized by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
Define health and wellbeing
