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SBM Derm > 02-13 Intro; Derm Dx and Tx > Flashcards

02-13 Intro; Derm Dx and Tx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary lesions?

A
  1. Macule → Patch
  2. Papule → Plaque
  3. Vesicle → Bulla
  4. Nodule
  5. Tumor
  6. Wheal
  7. pustule
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2
Q

macule

  • definition
  • types
A

1° Lesion

circumscribed, flat discoloration of skin up to 0.5 cm in size.

Types:

  1. Inflammatory: produced by vasodilation of superficial vessels
  2. Intrinsic pigment deposition: Example is a freckle.
  3. Extrinsic pigment deposition: Example is a tattoo.
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3
Q

Patch

A

1° Lesion

circumscribed, flat discoloration of skin larger than 0.5 cm in size

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4
Q

Papule

A

1° Lesion

circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion, up to 0.5 cm in size

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5
Q

Plaque

A

1° Lesion

circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion larger 0.5 cm in size

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6
Q

maculopapule

A

1° Lesion

a hybrid term and one which has little to recommend it. Its use usually means that the examiner has not been able to determine the primary change and is confused. Avoid employing it.

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7
Q

Nodule

A

1° Lesion

circumscribed, palpable, solid, round, or ellipsoidal lesion.

  • Nodule refers to a growth that is both elevated above the skin surface and has a deeper component as well.
  • Generally this refers to lesions larger than 0.5 cm, and most nodules are greater than 1cm and up to 4-5cm.
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8
Q

tumor

A

1° Lesion

implies proliferation of cells or tissues, either benign or malignant.

  • Any of the other primary and secondary terms may be appropriate in the initial description of a tumor; e.g., nodule or plaque.
  • A large nodule is often referred to as a tumor.
  • There are no size specificities for tumor.
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9
Q

wheal

A

1° Lesion

a special type of papule or plaque which is the response of the skin to histamine release and is characterized by the classic three features (triple response of Lewis):

  1. edema
  2. erythema
  3. and a flare.

The edema fluid is bound, which contrasts this lesion with the vesicle and bulla. A wheal is transitory or evanescent, seldom remaining in one location for more than 3 or 4 hours.

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10
Q

vesicle

A

1° Lesion

circumscribed collection of free clear, fluid up to 0.5cm cm. in size

Subepidermal

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11
Q

bulla

A

1° Lesion

circumscribed collection of free clear, fluid more than 0.5cm. in diameter

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12
Q

pustule

A

1° Lesion

circumscribed collections of leukocytes and free fluid (pus) which are variable in size

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13
Q

What are the secondary lesions?

A
  1. Scale
  2. Crust
  3. Erosion
  4. Ulceration
  5. Fissure
  6. Scar
  7. Atrophy
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14
Q

Scale

A

secondary lesion

“excess dead epidermal cells, i.e., keratin. Often produced by abnormal or rapid keratinization and shedding.”

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15
Q

Crust

A

2°LESION

collections of dried serum and cellular debris – “scab”.

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16
Q

Erosion

A

2° Lesion

focal losses of epidermis. Usually, some superficial dermal tissue loss as well, but superficial or thin in comparison to ulcers and heals without scarring.

17
Q

Ulcer

A

2° Lesion

Deeper than erosion: into dermis

18
Q

Fissure

A

2° Lesion

  • linear losses of epidermis and dermis which have sharply defined, abrupt walls; a slit.
19
Q

Scar

  • Types?
A

2° Lesion

  • abnormal formations of c.t. replacing tissue lost or altered by some pathologic process.
  • Always implies dermal damage.
  • Cicatrix is a synonym.
  • Types include:
    • a. Atrophic: thinned
    • b. Hypertrophic (keloid)
    • c. Striae: a stretch mark
20
Q

Atrophy

A

2° Lesion

  • A depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous fat.
21
Q

Excoriation

A

2° Lesion

Erosion or ulcer but implies was created by scratching

22
Q

Comedo

A

Special lesioin of acne

  • Nothing else causes comedones
  • Closed comedones pustular “white heads”
  • Open comedones “Black heads”
    • Black from sebum’s rxn w/ air
23
Q

Milia

A

Special lesion

Small epidermal cysts

24
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Special lesion

blanches

25
Q

Lichenification

A

= thickening
Often increased lines are seen, after the skin has been rubbed over and over.

26
Q

Petechiae

A

do not blanche with pressure

27
Q

Reivew all these and quiz yourself at http://www.logicalimages.com/educational Tools/learnDerm/lesson2.htm

A

“If you get all those down, you’re all set.”

28
Q

Review these re: morpholohy http://www.logicalimages.com/educationalTools/learnDerm/lesson4.htm

29
Q

Aspects to include when presenting a derm lesion

A
  • General patient description
  • Location
  • Distribution of lesions?
    • Solitary, Generalized, Localized, Bilateral, Symmetrical
  • Configuration
    • how do lesions relate to each other
  • Lesion details
    • flat or raise?
    • size
    • shape
    • color
    • primary lesions
    • secondary lesions

SBM Derm (15 decks)

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