011915 nutrition biochem Flashcards

1
Q

how are proteins absorbed in duodenum and jejunum

A

amino acid transporters (amino acid class specific, dipeptide, tripeptide)

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2
Q

fxn of thiamine

A

cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase (pyruvate to acetyl coA)

maintains neural membranes and normal nerve conduction

etc

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3
Q

polyneuropathy - dry beriberi

A

thiamine/vit B1 deficiency

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4
Q

Wenicke Korsakoff syndrome (brain pathology)

A

thiamine/vit B1 deficiency

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5
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

thiamine/vit B1 deficiency

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6
Q

fxn of pantothenic acid/vit B5

A

a part of coenzyme A

part of acl carrier protein for fatty acid synthesis

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7
Q

deficiency of pantothenic acid/vit B5 results in

A

dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia (epithelial cells)

adrenal insufficiency

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8
Q

riboflavin/vit B2’s fxn

A

electron carrier (FMN and FAD)

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9
Q

cheilosis (scaling and fissures at corners of mouth)

A

riboflavin/vit B2 defic.

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10
Q

riboflavin/vit B2 deficiency results in

A

cheilosis
dermatitis
corneal neovascularization

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11
Q

niacin/vit B3’s active forms

A

NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH

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12
Q

pellagra-3D’s

A

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

niacin/vit B3 def

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13
Q

glossitis

A

niacin/vit B3 def

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14
Q

fxn of biotin/vit B7

A

carboxylase cofactor-binds CO2

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15
Q

deficiency of biotin/vit B7 results in

A

dermatitis
alopecia
enteritis

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16
Q

pyridoxine/vit B6’s active form

A

pyridoxal phosphate

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17
Q

fxn of pyridoxine/vit B6

A

coenzyme involved in:

  • -amino acid degradation/conversion
  • -glycogen degradation
  • -porphyrin synthesis
18
Q

sideroblastic anemia

A

pyridoxine/vit B6 defic

19
Q

pyridoxine/vit B6 deficiency results in

A

convulsions
dermatitis
peripheral nueropathy
sideroblastic anemia

20
Q

fxn of folate/vit B9

A

carrier of one carbone units for purine synthesis, dTMP synthesis from dUMP, conversion of homocysteine to methionine for SAM synthesis

21
Q

fetal neural tube defects

A

folate/vit B9 defic

cobalamin/vit B12 defic

22
Q

where is microbiota produced biotin absorbed?

A

large intestine

23
Q

fxn of ascorbate/vit C

A

antioxidant (ROS, oxidized vit E)
post translational modification of proteins/collagen
etc

24
Q

scurvy

A

ascorbate/vit C defic

25
Q

vit E/tocopherol fxn

A

antioxidant

recycled by vit C

26
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

vit E/tocopherol defic

27
Q

fxn of vit K/phylloquinone

A

cofactor for vit K dependent gamma carboxylase

28
Q

vit A forms

A

beta carotene (antioxidant, vit A precursor)
retinol (vit A)
11-cis retinal (retinaldehyde)-vision
retinoic acid-gene regulation

29
Q

vit A deficiency’s effects

A

night blindness
susceptibility to infec
etc

30
Q

animal form of vitamin D

A

vit D3

31
Q

active form of vit D

A

1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D

32
Q

rickets

A

vit D defic

33
Q

vit D is absorbed where

A

ileum

34
Q

microbiota produced vit K is absorbed where

A

large intestine

35
Q

post translational modification-this fxn exists for what vitamins?

A

K, C

36
Q

gene expression is impacted by what vit

A

A, D

37
Q

substrate carrier vitamines

A

thiamine, pantothenic acid

38
Q

absorption of minerals occurs where

A

stomach and entire intestine

39
Q

zinc’s fxn

A

wound healing, spermatogenesis

40
Q

copper’s fxns

A

antioxidant
electron transport
collagen crosslinking
development

41
Q

selenium’s fxns

A

antioxidant

thyroid hormone fxn