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Pediatrics Shelf > 01: Newborn male infant evaluation and care > Flashcards

01: Newborn male infant evaluation and care Flashcards

1
Q

Which substance exposure causes low birth weight but no facial abnormalities?

A

Tobacco exposure

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2
Q

Which substance exposure causes cognitive and learning problems, facial abnormalities, and CNS dysfunction?

A

Alcohol exposure

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3
Q

What effects does marijuana have on the fetus?

A

Hasn’t been studied yet

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4
Q

Which substance exposure causes growth restriction, placental abruption, preterm passage of meconium, and irritability, poor feeding, high pitched cry?

A

Heroin and opiates

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5
Q

Which substance exposure causes low birth weight, placental insufficiency, and later cognitive effects?

A

Cocaine

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6
Q

What strep is a cause of neonatal bacterial sepsis?

A

GBS

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7
Q

20% of pregnant women have vaginal or rectal colonization of what?

A

GBS

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8
Q

Without antibacterial prophylaxis, what percent of infants born to colonized women develop invasive disease?

A

1-2%

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9
Q

Any ill-appearing neonate should received which 4 diagnostic items?

A
  1. CBC
  2. Blood culture
  3. CXR
  4. Lumbar puncture
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10
Q

What does the “A” in APGAR stand for?

A

Appearance (skin color)

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11
Q

What does the “P” in APGAR stand for?

A

Pulse

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12
Q

What does the “G” in APGAR stand for?

A

Grimace (reflex irritability)

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13
Q

What does the second “A” in APGAR stand for?

A

Activity (muscle tone)

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14
Q

What does the “R” in APGAR stand for?

A

Respiration

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15
Q

What’s the scoring for each letter in APGAR?

A

0, 1, or 2

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16
Q

An APGAR score below __ at 5 minutes should prompt continued resuscitation, with re-assessment every 5 min?

A

Below 7

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17
Q

Does the APGAR score predict neurologic outcome or mortality?

A

No

18
Q

What assessment tool uses signs of physical and neuromuscular activity to estimate gestational age?

A

The Ballard Assessment Tool

19
Q

What’s the definition of SGA?

A

Weight below 10th percentile at gestational age

20
Q

What is symmetric vs asymmetric IUGR?

A

Symmetric: head, length, and weight are decreased proportionately
Asymmetric: greater decrease in length or weight without affecting head

21
Q

What may decreased glycogen stores, heat loss, possible hypoxia, and decreased gluconeogenesis cause in SGA newborns?

A

Hypoglycemia

22
Q

What may cold stress, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, increased surface area, or decreased subcutaneous insulation cause in SGA infants?

A

Hypothermia

23
Q

What may chronic hypoxia, or maternal-fetal transfusion cause in SGA newborns?

A

Polycythemia

24
Q

Which reflex involves the newborn turning his head toward your finger when you touch his cheek?

A

Rooting

25
Q

Which reflex involves the newborn sucking on your finger when you touch the roof of his mouth?

A

Sucking

26
Q

Which reflex involves dropping the infant’s head 10cm and catching it, which causes the newborn to flex his thighs and knees, and fan and clench his fingers, with arms first thrown outward and then brought together as though embracing something?

A

Startle (Moro)

27
Q

Which reflex involves the newborn grasping your finger when you stroke it against the palm of his hand or plantar surface of his foot?

A

Palmar and plantar reflexes

28
Q

Which arm flexes in the asymmetrical tonic neck response (fencer reflex)?

A

The contralateral

29
Q

Which reflex involves the newborn’s legs making a stepping motion when you hold him vertically above the table and stroke the foot against the table?

A

Stepping response

30
Q

What are 5 causes of an absent red reflex in an infant?

A
  1. Cataract
  2. Opacified cornea
  3. Inflammation of anterior chamber
  4. Developmental anomalies of eye
  5. Retinoblastoma
31
Q

Early VKDB occurs in what fraction of newborns?

A

1/60-1/250 of newborns

32
Q

Infants who do not receive a Vitamin K shot are ____ x more likely to develop hemorrhage than those who do?

A

81x

33
Q

When does early VKDB occur?

A

0-24 hours after birth

34
Q

What drugs did the mother likely take if the neonate has early VKDB (2)?

A
  1. Antiepileptics

2. Isoniazid

35
Q

When does classical VKDB occur?

A

1-7 days after birth

36
Q

Which type of VKDB causes bruising and bleeding from the umbilical cord?

A

Classical

37
Q

When does late VKDB occur?

A

2-12 weeks after birth

38
Q

In what infants does late VKDB tend to occur?

A

Breastfed only babies who haven’t gotten the Vitamin K shot

39
Q

When should neonates weighing more than 2000 grams born to mothers positive to Hep B surface antigen get the Hep B vaccine and Hep B immune globulin?

A

Within 12 hours of delivery and then routine vaccine again at age 1 month

40
Q

When should infants born to mothers not tested for Hep B get the Hep B vaccine and Hep B immune globulin?

A

Within 12 hours of delivery, and then can wait on the immune globulin until mother has been tested (still effective within 7 days of birth)

41
Q

What are the 3 routine newborn medications?

A
  1. Vitamin K
  2. Hep B vaccine
  3. Erythromycin
42
Q

What lab tests should you look for in the maternal record?

A 
Blood type
Rh and Ab screen
Rubella
Hep B surface Ag
HIV Ab
RPR or VDRL
NAAT for chlamydia or gonococcus
GBS
Hep C Ab
Tb test

Pediatrics Shelf (24 decks)

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