01 Hematopoiesis

Question 0

CD 45 + positive cells

Answer 0

Granulocyte precursors
Monocyte precursors
Endothelial precursors

Question 1

Multipotent master stem cells

Answer 1

1:10^6

Progenitors of mesynchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitors, and hematopoietic SCs

Question 2

CD 45- negative cells

Answer 2

Erythroid precursors

Megakaryocytes

Question 3

Myeloid

Answer 3

Granulocytes, Monocytes
Erythroids
Megakaryocytes

(All but Lymphocytes)

Question 4

EPO

Answer 4

Stimulates Erythroids (CFU-E)
>85% produced in kidney as hypoxic response
downstream of HIF1alpha (Hypoxia inducible factor)

SE(HTN, HA, venous thrombosis, MI, Stroke, RBC aplasia)

Question 5

Thrombopoeitn (TPO)

Answer 5

Stimulates megakaryocyte differentiation
(CFU-meg)
MPL receptor binding

Eltrombopag/romiplostim- TPO analogues for thrombocytopenia (SE HA venous thrombosis, myelofibrosis)

Question 6

G-CSF

Answer 6

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Stimulates CFU-G
Used with low neutrophil counts for fevers infection treatment

SE(fever, bone pain, fluid retention/pulmonary edema)

Question 7

M-CST

Answer 7

Macrophage colony stimulating factor

Question 8

Hallmarks of differentiation

Answer 8

1) Decreasing size
2) Cytoplasm becomes more eosinophilic as protein outnumbers RNA
3) Decreasing nuclear size (erythroids)
4) Increasing nuclear segmentation in granulocytic cells
5) Specific granules (generally more eosinophilic)
6) Closing of chromatin and loss of nucleoli

Question 9

Erythrocyte size

Answer 9

Generally 7.5u

Question 10

Erythroid integral proteins

Answer 10

Ankyrin, Actin, Spectrin, and Band 3 - (HCO3- X Cl-) exchanger

Question 11

Neutrophil life span and percentage, granules

Answer 11

34-71% WBCs
12u in diameter
Few day lifespan
Lysozyme, hydrolases, and ROS
Alk Phos, Aminopeptidase, Collagenase

Question 12

Eosinophil life span and percentage, granules

Answer 12

0-7%
12u
2 week life span
Major basic protein, leukotrienes

Question 13

Basophils percentage, size, life span, granule content

Answer 13

0-1% of WBCs
12u
Heparin, histamines in granules (cause Mast degranulation)
Few year Lifespan

Question 14

Monocyte size, granules, percentage, lifespan

Answer 14

5-12% life span of several months
15u diameter
agranular- phag and APC

Question 15

Lymphocyte characteristics

Answer 15

<10u
B and T cells
Perforin and granzyme or no granules

Question 16

Megakaryocyte and platelettes

Answer 16

Plateletts <2u

PDGF and clotting factors in granules

Question 17

HSC markers

Answer 17

C-Kit = CD117 +
CD34+
(CD 45 -)

Question 18

Erythroid stages

Answer 18

1) Proerrythroblast (nucleoli and basophilic cytoplasm)
2) Basophilic erythroblast (closing nuclei “crayon” basophilic cytoplasm)
3) polychromatic erythroblast (chunky nuclei with multicolored Agranular cytoplasm
4) orthochromatic erythroblast- gray and pinking cytoplasm with chunky nuclei
5) Reticulocyte (blue cytoplasmic inclusions) and extruded nuclei
6) erythrocyte

Question 19

Myeloid stages

Answer 19

1) Myeloblast- open chromatin many nucleoli agranular
2) Progranulocyte -primary granules obscure nucleus
3) myelocyte- Closed chomatin with no nucleoli more eosinophlic granules
4) Metamyelocyte- smal nuc. No nucleoli, eosinophilic granules only
5) Band- Eosinophilc 2ndary granules only, no nucleoli- partially lobulated

Question 20

Proerythroblast

Answer 20

Agranular basophilic cytoplasm with open chromatin and many nucleoli

Question 21

Basophilic normoblast

Answer 21

Closing chromatin- few nucleoli- “crayon like” basophilic cytoplasm

Question 22

Polychromatophilic normoblast

Answer 22

Gray/blue cytoplasm with small chunky nucleus

Question 23

Orthochromatophilic normoblast

Answer 23

Grray-pink cytoplasm with small chunky nucleus

Question 24

Reticulocyte

Answer 24

Gray/eosinophilic cytoplasm with blue staining inclusions (can be found in the peripheral blood)

Question 25

Lymphocyte histology

Answer 25

small

high N/C ratio

Question 26

Hematogone

Answer 26

B cell precursor
high N/C ratio
Nucleoli and open chromatin

Question 27

Monocyte hystology

Answer 27

Large

Horseshoe nuclei with delicate granules