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00-00-00-antibiotics > 01 - hematology quiz > Flashcards

01 - hematology quiz Flashcards

1
Q

4 film findings in regenerative anemia

A
  1. polychromasia
  2. nucleated RBCs (metarubricytes)
  3. howell-jolly bodies
  4. basophilic stippling
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2
Q

(polychromasia)

  1. = immature RBCs
  2. marked polychromasia = regen response
  3. (in anemic) 2 causes of strong regen response?

2 in non-anemic?

  1. marked response in dogs > 500,000, in cats > 200,000
A
  1. blood loss, hemolysis

PFK, hypoxia

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3
Q

(regen anemia)

(hemolysis)

  1. TP?

what other 3 things?

  1. if oxidative?
  2. if DIC?
  3. if immune mediated?
  4. can also see with parasites
A
  1. normal

hemoglobinemia/uria, icterus, splenomegaly

  1. heinz bodies, eccentrocytes
  2. schistocytes, keratocytes
  3. spherocytes, agglutination, inflam leukogram
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4
Q

(regen anemia)

(blood loss)

(acute)

  1. TP? and what else?
  2. if hemangiosarcoma
  3. if DIC?
A
  1. decreased, thrombocytopenia
  2. acanthocytes, schistocytes
  3. schistocytes, keratocytes, thrombocytopenia
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5
Q

(regen anemia)

(blood loss)

(chronic)

  1. TP? what else?
  2. if iron def?
A
  1. normal or decreased, thrombocytosis
  2. hypochromasia +/- low MCV, keratocytes, schistocytes
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6
Q

(hypochromasia)

  1. pale cause why?
  2. most common cause in dogs?
  3. many hypochromic cells required to lower MCHC
A
  1. low hemoglobin conc
  2. iron def
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7
Q

(spherocytes)

  1. covered in Abs, what eat?
  2. large numbers = ?
  3. also seen with what 4?
A
  1. macrophages
  2. IMHA (not always present though)
  3. heinz-body anemia, zinc, transfusion, DIC
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8
Q

(keratocytes)

  1. physical or chemical injury
  2. 3 causes?
  3. blister cells -> helmet (2 projections) or 1 projection (apple-stem)
  4. keratocytes more susc to intravascular trauma -> ?
A
  1. iron def, oxidative dmg, microangiopathic dz
  2. schistocytes
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9
Q

(echinocytes)

  1. 6 causes?
  2. dogs with snake -> type 3 (fine projections)
A
  1. artifact, renal dz, electrolyte disorders, chemo, lymphoma, snake venom
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10
Q

(schistocytes)

  1. red cell fragments from shearing of cells by intravascular or extravascular trauma?
  2. 4 causes?
  3. may be seen with wwhat in severe iron def?
  4. also reported in glomerulonephritis, liver dz, heart failure
A
  1. intra
  2. DIC, hemangiosarc, vasculitis, HW
  3. keratocytes
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11
Q

(acanthocytes)

  1. few blunt irregularly distributed spicules?
  2. from changes in what?
  3. changes in lipid metabolism - what two?
A
  1. lipid content
  2. liver dz (hepatic lipidosis), hemangiosarc in dogs
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12
Q

(heinz bodies)

  1. small circular structures within or protruding from red cell
  2. = ?
  3. alter cell membrane -> more susc to intra/extravascular hemolysis
  4. causes of oxidative dmg?
  5. 3 causes in cats?
A
  1. denatured hemoglobin from oxidative dmg
  2. onions, garlic, zinc, propylene glycol, acetaminophen, benzocaine, propofol, phenothiazine, vit K
  3. hyperT4, lymphoma, DM
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13
Q

(eccentrocytes)

  1. result from what kind of damage?
  2. causes same as heinz-body
A
  1. oxidative
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14
Q

(Howell Jolly bodies)

  1. nucelar remnants (small round basophilic inclusions)
  2. seen normally in small numbers
  3. ^ = ?
A
  1. ^hematopoeisis, splenic dysfunction
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15
Q

(basophilic stippling)

  1. numerous small basophilic dots inside red cells (ribosomes)
  2. cause?
A
  1. regen anemia

(in absence of regen = lead)

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16
Q

(rouleaux)

  1. some is normal
  2. enhanced by what?
A
  1. ^ plasma proteins (immunoglobulins) -> block neg charges
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17
Q

(agglutination)

  1. Ab bridging
  2. suggests what?
  3. what test to confirm?
A
  1. IMHA

(parasites can be underlying cause)

  1. saline agglutiation test
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18
Q

(erythroparasites)

  1. some cause IMHA and spherocytes/agglutination, some cause direct lysis
A
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19
Q

(erythroparasites)

(cats)

1-2. what two (plus how they look)

A
  1. mycoplasma haemofilis (dot on periphery, or rings in cells)
  2. cytoxzoon felis (inside cells, small signet ring)

anemia non-regen (most are regen)

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20
Q

(erythroparasites)

(dogs)

1-3. what three?

A
  1. mycoplasma haemocanis

small chains on surface of RBC

only in immuno

  1. babesia gibsoni (looks like C. felis - signet ring inside)
  2. babesia canis (large oval piroplasms)
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21
Q

(nucleated erythrocytes)

  1. typically metarubricytes
  2. 5 causes?
  3. included in leukocyte counts
  4. count as number per 100 leukocytes corrected
A
  1. regen response to anemia, bone marrow injury, splenectomy/splenic dysfx, lead, erythrodi neoplasia (FeLV)
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22
Q

(leukocytes)

  1. marked left shift with toxic change = ?
A
  1. severe inflam process
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23
Q
  1. immature neutrophils (bands) = ?
  2. magnitude of left shift related to severity of inflammation
  3. degenerative left shift (immature outnumber segmented) = poor prog if persistent
A
  1. left shift
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24
Q

(toxic change)

  1. 6 changes?
  2. caused by what?
  3. usually a left shift along with toxic change
A
  1. cystoplasmic basophilia, dohle bodies, foamy vacuolization, toxic granulation (pink granules), giant neutrophils, donut neutrophils
  2. accelerated bone marrow production

(associated with severe infalmmation - sepsis)

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25
Q

(Pelger-Huet anomlay)

  1. can’t segment nuclei of granulocytes - which are?
  2. inherited, doesn’t affect function
  3. all granulocytes affected
A
  1. neutros, eos, baso
26
Q

(reactive lymphocytes)

  1. look how (4 things)
  2. hard to diff from neoplastic lymphocytes
A
  1. larger than neutrophils, more abundant deep blue cytoplasm, nuclei indented r convoluted, no nucleoli
27
Q

(large granular lymphocytes)

  1. more abundatnt pale cytoplasm with discrete azurophilic (magenta) granules
  2. usually what kinds of cells?
  3. ^ numbers associated with what two things?
A
  1. CD8+ of NK
  2. ehlichial infections or chronic lymphocytic leukemia
28
Q

(atypical lymphocytes and lymphoblasts)

  1. larger than neutrophil
  2. contain nuclei with immature, stippled chromatin
  3. when in large numebrs suggest what?
A
  1. lymphocytic leukemia or stage V lymphoma

(small numbers 2° to inflam dz)

29
Q

(other neoplastic cells)

  1. acute: large blast cells
  2. chronic: ^ numbers of well-diff leukocytes
A
30
Q

(leukocyte inclusions)

  1. ehrlichia morula, hepatozoon gamonts, histoplasma, rarely bacteria
  2. abnormal cytoplasmic granules or vacuolization: lysosomal storage dz and some leukemias
A
31
Q

(mast cells)

  1. on feathered edge
  2. diff from basophils by round nucleus and dark granules
  3. may be seen with inflam or neoplasia
A
32
Q

(platelets)

  1. large clumps not counted, small clumps counted as leukocytes
  2. enlarged or giant platelets indicate what?
  3. in cats, platelets freq size of RBCs

counted as RBCs

also clump alot

very inaccurate!

A
  1. active thrombopoeisis
33
Q
A

polychromatophils

34
Q
A

hypochromic red cells

35
Q
A

spherocytes

36
Q
A

keratocytes

37
Q
A

echinocytes

38
Q
A

schistocytes

39
Q
A

acanthocytes

40
Q
A

heinz bodies

41
Q
A

eccentrocytes

42
Q
A

howell-jolly bodies

43
Q
A

basophilic stippling

44
Q

feline

A

mycoplasma haemofelis

45
Q

feline

A

cytauxzoon felis

46
Q

dog

A

mycoplasma haemocanis

47
Q

dog

A

babesia gibsoni

48
Q
A

large macrophage contain c. felis schizont on feathered edge

49
Q
A

metarubricytes in cat

50
Q
A

rubriblast from cat with erythroid leukemia

51
Q
A

band neutrophil

52
Q
A

toxic neutrophil

53
Q
A

reactive lymphocyte

54
Q
A

large granular lympoytes - distinct azurophilic cytoplasmic granules

55
Q
A

large atypical lymphocytes from dog with lymphocytic leukemia

56
Q
A

ehrlichia morulae in dog

57
Q
A

hepatozoon gamont in canine leukocyte

58
Q
A

histoplasma

59
Q
A

mast cell

60
Q

B = small platelet clump

C = giant platelet

A

00-00-00-antibiotics (3 decks)

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