01 - antibiotics

Question 1

(beta lactams)

1. what two types?
2. subdivision of one type?

Answer 1

1. penicillins and cephalosporins
2. cephalosporins: 1st and 2nd generation

Question 2

(beta lactams)

(penicillins)

1. how to recognize?
2. coverage?

Answer 2

1. end in -cillin
2. G+, limited G-, anaerobes

Question 3

(beta lactams)

(cephalosporins)

1. how to recognize?
2. coverage?
3. what are two common 1st gen?

Answer 3

1. start in cef- or ceph-
2. 1st gen: g+, limited g-, anaerobes

2nd gen: g+, g-, anaerobes

3. cefazolin, cephalexin

Question 4

(aminoglycosides)

1. how to recognize?
2. coverage?
3. side fx

Answer 4

1. end in -cin

(gentamicin, amikacin)

2. g-
3. nephrotoxic

Question 5

(fluoroquinolones)

1. how to recognize?
2. coverage?
3. can damage what in young animals?

Answer 5

1. end in -xacin

(enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin)

2. G-
3. cartilage

Question 6

(tetracyclines)

1. rec?
2. coverage?
3. 3 side fx?

Answer 6

1. end in -cycline

(tetracycline, doxycycline)

2. g+, g-, anaerobes

ehrlichia, anaplasma, rickettsial

3. nephrotoxic, teeth discolorization, GI upset

Question 7

(trimethoprim/sulfonamides)

1. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
2. coverage?
3. distributes through body well - why?

Answer 7

2. G+, G-, anaerobes
3. highly lipid soluble

Question 8

(chloramphenicol)

1. coverage?
2. distributes through body well… why?
3. can cause what in humans?

Answer 8

1. g+, g-, anaerobes
2. highly lipid soluble
3. bone marrow suppression

Question 9

(lincosamides)

1. what two?
2. coverage?
3. don’t use in what species?

Answer 9

1. lincomycin, clindamycin
2. G+, anaerobes
3. horses

Question 10

(macrolides)

1. what three?
2. coverage?
3. distribution?

Answer 10

1. erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
2. G+, anaerobes
3. good (highly lipid soluble)

Question 11

(vancomycin)

1. coverage?
2. limit to organism resistant to other antimicrobials

Answer 11

1. G+

Question 12

(rifampin)

1. coverage?
2. main indication?

Answer 12

1. G+
2. Rhodococcus equi in horses

Question 13

(metronidazole)

1. coverage?
2. two side fx?

Answer 13

1. anaerobes, protozoa
2. neurological, anorexia

Question 14

1. what three are highly lipid soluble?

Answer 14

1. TMS, chloramphenicol, macrolides