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A Level Eduquas Ethics > 01 Ethical Thought: B Virtue Theory > Flashcards

01 Ethical Thought: B Virtue Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What does virtue theory focus on?

A

Character

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2
Q

What is virtue theory?

A

An assessment of the kinds of personal qualities that contribute making a good person.

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3
Q

Who is aristotle?

A

An ancient Greek philosopher.

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4
Q

What is an empiricist?

A

A person who claims that all knowledge comes from sense and experience.

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5
Q

Was aristotle an empiricist?

A

Yes. He valued reason as applied to the physical world.

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6
Q

What Greek word is virtue theory based on?

A

Arete (virtue)

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7
Q

What type of theory is virtue theory?

A

Teleological

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8
Q

What does arete mean?

A

Excellence or moral virtue.

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9
Q

What does teleological mean?

A

What is morally right or wrong depends on the outcome of an action. If the outcome is good then the action will be justified.

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10
Q

What is a moral exemplar?

A

Someone that has good virtues that you want to be like.

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11
Q

How is a virtue achieved?

A

By mimicking or following moral examplers in order to develop the same desirable trait.

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12
Q

What are the 3 different types of people in virtue theory?

A

-sophron
-enkrates
-akrates

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13
Q

What type of people find it easy to be moderate with little effort?

A

The sophron

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14
Q

What type of people must work hard but can achieve virtue?

A

The enkrates

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15
Q

What type of people are very weak willed and cannot overcome temptation?

A

The akrates

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16
Q

What is eudaemonia?

A

Happiness, well-being, human flourishing

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17
Q

What do we always act for?

A

Purpose

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18
Q

According to aristotle, what is the purpose we always act for?

A

Eudaemonia.

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19
Q

According to aristotle, what are the kinds of happiness that are needed to achieve eudaemonia?

A
  1. Happiness as an individual
  2. Happiness as a member of a community
  3. Happiness as a philosopher
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20
Q

To achieve eudaemonia, what qualities are necessary to develop?

A

Qualities that will help you to be content and live in harmony with others.

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21
Q

What is a virtue?

A

A good quality

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22
Q

What is a vice?

A

A bad quality

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23
Q

What are the two types of virtues?

A

Moral and intellectual.

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24
Q

Describe the moral virtues?

A

Non-rational and are virtues of character.

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25
Q

Describe the intellectual virtue?

A

Rational and contribute most to the good life; some relate to theoretical reasoning.

26
Q

How many intellectual virtues are there?

A

5

27
Q

What are the intellectual virtues?

A
  1. Scientific knowledge
  2. Art or technical skill
  3. Prudence or practical wisdom
    4. Intelligence or intuition
    5. Wisdom
28
Q

What other areas of intellectual virtue did Aristotle explore?

A

Resourcefulness, understanding and judgement.

29
Q

How many moral virtues are there?

A

12

30
Q

What is too little or too much of a virtue?

A

A vice

31
Q

What is vice called when you have too little of a virtue?

A

Vice of deficiency

32
Q

What is the vice called where you have too much of a virtue?

A

Vice of excess.

33
Q

What is the perfect amount of a virtue called (in between deficiency and excess)?

A

The golden mean.

34
Q

Give two examples of the moral virtues (the golden mean)?

A

-courage
-wittiness

35
Q

What is the deficiency of courage?

A

Cowardice

36
Q

What is the excess of courage?

A

Rashness

37
Q

What is the deficiency of wittiness?

A

Boorishness

38
Q

What is the excess of wittiness?

A

Buffoonery

39
Q

How do we learn moral virtues?

A

By developing habits.

40
Q

How many moral virtues does Jesus list?

A

Eight

41
Q

What are Jesus’ moral virtues called?

A

The beatitudes

42
Q

What does the beatitudes mean?

A

(Beautiful attitudes), supreme blessedness and grace.

43
Q

What does each of Jesus’ virtues begin with?

A

Blessed

44
Q

What does each of Jesus’ virtues promise?

A

A reward

45
Q

(Beatitudes) What does poor in spirit mean?

A

Humbleness

46
Q

(Beatitudes) what is the reward of ‘poor in spirit’?

A

Kingdom of heaven

47
Q

(Beatitudes) what does ‘mourn’ mean?

A

Sadness due to separation or loss.

48
Q

(Beatitudes) what does ‘meek’ mean?

A

Submissive / gentle

49
Q

(Beatitudes) what is the reward of mourn?

A

Comfort

50
Q

(Beatitudes) what is the reward of the meek?

A

The earth

51
Q

(Beatitudes) what is ‘hunger and thirst for righteous’?

A

Seeking justice

52
Q

(Beatitudes) what is the reward for ‘hunger and thirst for righteousness’?

A

Will be filled

53
Q

(Beatitudes) What is ‘merciful’?

A

Compassionate of forgiving

54
Q

(Beatitudes) What is the reward for ‘merciful’?

A

Shown mercy

55
Q

(Beatitudes) what is ‘pure in heart’?

A

Sincere intentions

56
Q

(Beatitudes) what is the reward for ‘pure in heart’?

A

Will see God

57
Q

(Beatitudes) what does ‘peacemakers’ mean?

A

Bringing reconciliation

58
Q

(Beatitudes) what is the reward for ‘peacemakers’?

A

Called the children of God.

59
Q

(Beatitudes) what is ‘prosecuted for being righteous’?

A

Suffer for standing by their principles.

60
Q

(Beatitudes) what is the reward for ‘prosecuted for being righteous’?

A

The kingdom of heaven

61
Q

What does St Paul’s 1st letter to the Corinthians about virtue theory?

A

He prioritises the virtues of faith, hope and love, claiming that they are superior to any other actions and giving primacy of love.

62
Q

What does Micah in the Old Testament say about virtue theory?

A

God requires us to live justly, love mercy and walk humbly with God.

A Level Eduquas Ethics (24 decks)

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