01 Cell Biology Flashcards
which are purines and which are pyrimidines? which pair has 3 H bonds and which has 2?
purines: AG, pyrimidines: CUT, GC: 3 bonds, AT: 2 bonds
where are ribosomes made?
nucleolus
what does protein kinase A do? what activates it?
phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins, activated by cAMP
what activates protein kinase c?
calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG)
what goes into krebs cycle and what comes out?
2 pyruvate (from breakdown of 1 glucose) make NADH and FADH2
what ion is used for cotransport of molecules?
na+ gradient for glucose, proteins, other molecules
what does glycolysis need and waht does it produce?
1 gluose, produces 2 atp and 2 pyruvate
what does protein kinase C do?
phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins.
what are adhesion molecules?
desmosomes/hemidesmosomes. they adhere to cell-cell and cell-extracell matrix respectively through anchoring
what subunits form gap junctions?
connexin subunits
what is the cori cycle and where does it occur?
liver makes muscle lactate into new glucose. pyruvate needed.
what type of molecules makes up ABO blood type antigens?
glycolipids on cell membranes
what is needed for gluconeogenesis?
lactic acid (from cori cycle) and amino acids
why can’t fats and lipids be used for gluconeogenesis?
acetyl CoA (breakdown product of fat metabolism) can’t be converted back to pyruvate
what type of molecule makes up HLA-type antigens?
glycoproteins on cell membrane.
