01 - Cardiovascular drugs

Question 1

name the three most common diuretics in order of potency

Answer 1

furosemide > spironolactone > thiazide diuretics (eg hydrochlorthiazide)

Question 2

(diuretics)

(furosemide)

1. mech of action
2. indications?

Answer 2

1. blocks Chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle (most other electrolytes expelled too)
2. CHF, fluid build up, hypercalcemia

Question 3

(diuretics)

(spironolactone)

1. mech of action?

acts where?

2. indications?
3. can be used in combo with what other diuretic

Answer 3

1. aldosterone antagonist

distal renal tubule and collecting duct

2. CHF (second-line), ascites
3. hydrochlorothiazide

Question 4

(diuretics)

(thiazide diuretics eg hydrochlorothiazide)

1. mech of action?
2. indications?
3. can be used in combo with what other diuretic?

Answer 4

1. blocks NaCl reabsorption in distal tubule
2. mgmt of ascites and edema
3. spironolactone

Question 5

(vasodilators)

1. name the five of them

Answer 5

1. ACE inhibitors, amlodipine, nitroglycerin, hydrazalazine, prazosin

Question 6

(vasodilators)

(ACE inhibitors eg enalapril, benazepril)

1. blocks what?

Answer 6

1. angiotensin converting enzyme (-> vasoconstriction)

Question 7

why would vasodilators be useful in CHF?

Answer 7

vasodilators decrease resistance so the fucked up heart doesn’t have to work as hard

Question 8

(vasodilators)

(amlodipine)

1. mech of action?
2. greatest effect on what?

Answer 8

1. calcium channel blocker
2. vascular smooth muscle

Question 9

(vasodilators)

(nitroglycerin)

1. reduces preload via dilation of what?
2. can be used topically

Answer 9

1. pulmonary vein

Question 10

(vasodilators)

(hydralazine)

1. arterial vasodilator
2. direct action on vascular smooth muscle to decrease contractility by modification of metabolism of what?
3. indications?

Answer 10

2. calcium
3. CHF, hypertension

Question 11

(vasodilators)

(prazosin)

1. balanced vasodilator
2. indications?

Answer 11

2. CHF, hypertension