Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MED 110 > 002 Enzymes and Isozymes > Flashcards

002 Enzymes and Isozymes Flashcards

1
Q

mass action (Le Chatelier’s principle)

A

increase the concentration of the reactants

decrease the concentration of the products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

coupling reactions is possible if they share a

A

common intermediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

thermodynamics (delta G) is whether the reaction will proceed without

A

the input of energy (not indicative of velocity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

reaction velocity (v) is increased by

A

a catalyst (an enzyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what you can release in urine to change the pH and start metabolic acidosis

A

bicarbonate (will lower pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diabetic acidosis

A

when you breakdown ketone bodies, they release a proton that will put the body into a acidotic condition, they cannot absorb glucose from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

two types of biochemical rxns

A

oxidation reduction rxns

acid/base rxns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

all types of biochemical reactions are this type of rxn

A

transfer rxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normal blood pH

A

7.37-7.43

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bicarbonate dissociation equation

A

H+ and HCO3- H2CO3 (carbonic anhydrase) CO2 + H20)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Respiratory acidosis (blood pH < 7.37)

A

hypoventilation leads to increased CO2 in blood so reaction is shifted to left and more protons produced which lowers pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

metabolic acidosis (blood pH < 7.37) caused by either

A

addition of strong acid (lactate, ketone bodies)

loss of HC03- (diarrhea or weak kidneys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

respiratory alkalosis (blood pH > 7.43)

A

hyperventilation leads to a decrease of CO2 in blood so reaction shifts to the right which lowers proton concentration and raises pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

metabolic acidosis (blood pH > 7.43) caused by either

A

addition of a strong base (ingestion of acid)

loss of acid (vomiting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the conjugate acid of the bicarbonate base (HCO3-) is

A

carbonic acid (H2CO3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the conjugate acid of the ammonia base (NH3)

A

ammonium ion (NH4+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the conjugate base of acetoacetic acid is

A

acetoacetate

18
Q

the conjugate base of hydroxybutyric acid is

A

hydroxybutyrate

19
Q

six classes of enzymes

A
  1. oxidoreductases
  2. transferases
  3. isomerases
  4. lyases (synthases)
  5. ligases (synthetases)
  6. hydrolases
20
Q

oxidoreductases

A

transfer electrons from a donor (reducing agent) to an acceptor (oxidizing agent)

21
Q

transferases

A

transfer a functional group (amino, phosphate) between molecules

22
Q

isomerases

A

rearrange/isomerize molecules

23
Q

lyases (synthases)

A

add or remove atoms (elements of water, ammonia, CO2) to or from a double bond

24
Q

ligases (synthetases)

A

form (C-O, C-S,C-N, or C-C) bonds with the hydrolysis of ATP

25
Q

hydrolases

A

cleave bonds via the addition of water

26
Q

metalloenzymes

A 
Cu
Fe
Mg (associated with phosphates)
Se
Zn
27
Q

proenzymes

A

enzymes that are inactive that get activated by a zymogen (e.g. pepsinogen)

28
Q

catalytic triad

A

converts serine 195 into a potent nucleophile

29
Q

what type of Vmax and Km are fast enzymes

A

a high Vmax and a low Km

30
Q

competitive inhibitors

A

makes the substrate unable to bind to enzyme
Vmax stays the same, Km increased
increasing [S] deters this

31
Q

noncompetitive inhibition

A

the inhibitor binds to free and substrate bound enzymes
Vmax lowered, Km stays the same
increasing [S] will not change anything
(the reason Vmax is lowered is because you are reducing the active enzyme concentration)

32
Q

uncompetitive inhibition

A

inhibitor binds only to enzyme-substrate complex

Vmax lowered and Km lowered

33
Q

enzyme inactivation

A

irreversible inactivators
Vmax lowered and Km unchanged
increasing [S] will not allow the substrate to outcompete inhibitor

34
Q

allosteric enzymes

A

can have positive or negative effects on the binding of the enzyme. they bind to a site other than the active site which then alters the active site

35
Q

isoenzymes

A

proteins that resemble one another from different genes but basically the same protein. important in diagnosing the tissues/organs of your patient

36
Q

Cu activity

A 
cytochrome c oxidase
ferroxidase
superoxide dismutase (antioxidant)
lysyl oxidase
tyrosinase
37
Q

Fe activity

A

Heme proteins
cytochromes
catalases and peroxidases

38
Q

Mg

A

ATPases
adenylate cyclase
kinases

39
Q

Se

A

glutathione peroxidase

40
Q

Zn

A 
superoxide dismutase (antioxidant)
collagenase
alcohol dehydrogenase
alkaline phosphatase
transcription factors
carbonic anhydrase

MED 110 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions