0 Mgmt Systems Flashcards
Three main causes of hazards
human error situational aspects environmental aspects
Manager
The person responsible for the work performance of one or more people in an organization.
Adams accident model
domino model with focus on mgmt. It focuses on the individual people in the management system. Relates to IRS
three main influences of mgmt ethics
Personal experience, the employing organization and the external environmen
ISO 14000
Sustainable development
Which organizations are best known for their sustainability indices?
AIChE and Dow Jones
failure of substance
A company that fails as a result of inadequate attention to the major strategic planning elements
controlling
monitoring work and comparing results to goals
planning
the process of determining what is to be achieved
what is a health and safety policy
It states the purpose of the hazard control program and describes the requirement for active participation of all those involved in the program’s operation
management models
accident causation theory usually represented by dominoes
what do middle managers do
interpret top mgmt directives and operating plans
key principles for a successful environmental management system
Top management commitment compatibility with organizational culture focus on continual improvement, employee involvement, flexibility
factors in a sustainability index
safety environmental performance social responsibility
Administrative Controls
Identify hazards, Company Policy, Program Objectives, Authority and Responsibility, Safety Comittees, Orientation, Enforcement
hazard Control Program Components
Identification and Evaluation, Risk Assessment, mgmt Decision Making, Establishing Control Measures, Monitoring Program, Evaluation
PPE Program Requirements
Written Policy, Process for selecting PPE, training, enforcement
8 PPE Categories
head Protection, eye and Face Protection, Hearing Protection, Fall Arrest Systems, Respiratory Protection, hand and Arm Protection, Foot Protection, Work Clothing
Passive Fall Arrest
Requires no action from workersafety nets
Active Fall Arrest
requires action on the workers partharness, lanyard, anchor points
Permeation rate
the rate at which a chemical will move through certain material
Safeguarding
Engineering controls, protecting a worker from coming into contact with moving parts, keep them out of energy zone
Point of Operation
the point at which material is placed for processing
Power transmission
moving mechanical parts on a piece of equipment
safeguard device
mechanism for safeuarding point of operation
guard
barriers used to safeguard the point of operation area
enclosure
barriers used to enclose moving parts
fencing
enclosure system placed around a piece of equipment
nip point
hazardous area created by mechanical parts moving in opposite directions
pinch point
hazardous area where a body part can come into contact with two or more moving mechanical parts
Safeguard Characteristics
integrated into equipment, well designed to handle equipment forces, allow for simple feeding and ejections, easy to inspect and maintain, tamper proof
barrier safeguard
fixed to equipment and only moved for service
Interlocking safeguards
like a barrier guard but parts can be moved, equipment will only run if all interlocked parts are closed
automatic safeguard
deviceuse different techniques to determine if worker is going to contact equipment, 1. Employee controlling devices, 2. Machine controlling devices, 3. machine controlling devices - precensce sensing, 4. Machine controlling devices - pressure sensing, 5. Employee and machine contorlling devices
Employee controlling devices
restraint or pullback device
machine controlling device
presence and pressure sensing devices, automatically shut down equipment when worker enters area
Employee and Machine Controlling Devices
two hand button press
Blanking and blinding
placing metal plates over sections of pipe to contain contaminants
HASP
lock out tool connect to primary isolator
Energy Isolation procedure8 steps
notify all people in area, identify isolation points, shut down, deactivate energy, lock isolation points, bleed lines, confirm zero energy, conduct work
group isolation 10 steps
notify all people in area,identify isolation points,shut down,deactivate energy,lock isolation points,place group key in group lockbox,bleed lines,confirm zero energy,place group key in group lockbox,conduct work
Hazard Vs Risk
Hazard - identifies what can cause harm Risk - identifies the potential degree of harm
Who developed the Swiss Cheese model
Reason
Safety Hazard
The easy to see hazards like falling or getting hit by something
Physical Hazard
A source of energy in the workplace great enough to cause harm niose, temp, etc
hierarchy of controls
Elimination,Substitution Engineering,Administration,PPE
employee and machine controlling device
machines that must be manually activated such as two button presses
Returning Equipment to Service Procedure
- Clear the area, 2. verify that workers are away, 3. verify that controls are in neutral, 4. remove energy isolation devices, 5. notify workers
most hazardous step of robotics operation
teaching the robot
5 categories of woodworking saw
- Table and Circular Saws, lots of kickback, 2. Overhead swing saws, Fucking crazy, 3. Radial Saws, cross cutting, 4. Band Saws, 5. Jigsawsfine cuts and details
Robot categories
nonservo-controlled point-to-point - pick and place,
servo-controlled point-to-point - loading and unloading,
servo controlled continuous path - assembly and painting
Two types of robot programming
Leadthrough - taking the robot through the movements and storing them , Textual - standard programming
Categories of Metal Working
- Turningshape rotating pieces of metal, 2. Boringcut a hole, 3. Millingfine detail work, 4. Planing - like milling but the tool remains stationary while the metal moves, 5. Grinding
What is the purpose of a chisel tooth combination blade
all purpose for fast cutting wood
the term for maintaining a grinding wheel
dressing
CNC
Computer Numerical Control - automated end to end metal design
What is the #1 cause of crane incidents
Operator error
List the three types of powered hoists and which one breaks down the least
Electric - doesn’t break, Hydraulic and Pneumatic
Three types of hand hoists
Spur Geared - most effective - least effort - not self locking, Differential - self locking, Screw geared - self locking
Types of Cranes
Gantry Cranes - run on rails have one or two uprights, Monorails - hand operated, semi-hand operated, powered, Jib Cranes - arm on a jib and trolley, supported by wall, Derricks - A frame, Stiff Leg, Guy - for multi story buildings, Overhead cranes - runs on two rails, common in manufacturing, Tower Cranes - construction
The standard crane practices
Inspection, Testing, Training
8 Conveyer types
- Belt, 2. Slat and Apron - non overlapping non interlocking slats, 3. chain and shackle - uses a chain, 4. screw conveyers - for raw material, 5. Pnumatic - common in healthcare to move drugs, 6. Gravity - slides like in airports, 7. Roller - bunch of spinning cylinders, 8. Bucket - large amounts of material vertically
For lifting people - test cranes to which weight
125%
Safe load in block and tackle
1/10 of the block’s breaking strength
Primary hazard of a jib crane
running the trolley off the jib
minimum distance between conveyer emergency stops
75 feet
Fire Triangle, Fire tetrahedron
Air, Fuel, Heat: Oxygen, Fuel, Heat, Chemical Chain Reaction
Definition of Fire
self sustained oxidation of fuel that emits heat and light
chemical formula of fire
Fuel+Oxygen = CO2+H2O+Heat
Self - sustaining combustion
the heat given off by combustion adds enough heat to the system to cause future combustion
flashpoint
the temperature at which a liquid gives off enough flammable vapour to form a mixture with air that can be ignited. A lower flash point = more dangerous
Fuel Types
A - Normal, B - Flammable Liquid, C - Electric, D - Metal , K - Kitchen and grease
bonding
joining metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path
grounding
System Grounding
Equipment Grounding
connecting the electrical equipment to the earth or earth substitute to prevent shock,
SG
The entire building is grounded,
EG
Specific tools, like a fridge, are grounded,
5 categories of electrical equipment
- Switches,
- Protective Devices
Fuses, Circuit Breakers, GFCI, - Control Equipment,
- Extension Cords,
- Test Equipment,
receptacle circuit testers, industrial analyzer, watt meter, ground fault indicators, locators
Types of electrical Fuses
Link Fuses
Plug fuses - good to 30 amps
Cartridge fuses
Types of circuit breakers
Circuit breakers are for high voltage environements
Better than fuses,
Thermal Circuit breakers
-detect the rise in temp,
Magnetic Circuit breakers
-detect the electrical current
GFCI
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
compares the current entering equipment to that leaving,
if it senses a large leak or large shock potential it will stop the current
3 classes of Hazardous Locations
Class I
Gases vapors and liquids
Division 1 - explosive
Division 2 - not normally explosive,
Class II
Dust
Division 1 - explosive
Division 2 - not normally explosive,
Class III
Fibres and Flyings
Division 1 - Handled or used in manufacturing
Division 2 - Storage,
What is the current resistance of wet and dry skin
Dry - 100,000 - 600, 000 ohms,
Wet - 1000 Ohms
8 Steps to achieve zero energy
- Notify personnel,
- Identify isolation points,
- shut down equipment,
- deactivate the energy,
- lock in the isolation point,
- bleed off residual energy,
- confirm energy isolation,
- conduct work,
Basic electrical safety checklist
Inspect cords and plugs,
eliminate octopus connections,
never break off the third prong,
never use permanent extension cords,
Shock perception levels
less than 10 mA,
more than 15 kHz
3 major confined space risks
Hazardous atmospheres,
Restricted entry and exit,
risk of engulfment or entrapment,
who is most likely to die in a confined space
untrained workers
LEL
Lower explosive limit
smaller numbers are more dangerous
definition of confined space
enclosed or partially enclosed space,
not designed for continued human occupancy,
space with restricted access and exit,
space that may become hazardous upon entry
atmospheres or other conditions,
Which workers are around confined spaces
Entrant,
Attendant,
Supervisor,
Rescuers,
How long to keep pre-entry permits for
non - incidents
incidents
1 year,
forever
when should confined space atmospheric testing take place
before entry
what does an inert gas do
forces hazardous atmospheres and oxygen out of a confined space,
prevents ignition
What is on a pre-entry permit
Location of space,
Purpose of entry,
schedule,
names of entrant and attendant,
potential hazards,
safety precautions,
atmospheric conditions and test results,
authorization and signatures
Steps in Confined Space Hazard Assessment and Control
Atmospheric testing,
Implementing Testing,
Energy Isolation,
Ventilation,
Purging or Inerting
Types of breathing equipment
SABA - supplied air BA,
SCBA - self contained BA
Lanyard
connecting line between harness and anchor point
Compare fall time and fall distance
.5s 4f, 1s 16f, 2s 64f, 3s 144f, 4s 256f,
7 fall protection plan items
policy,
hazard analysis,
equipment list,
equipment maintenance,
training,
rescue procedures,
Fall arrest anchor force
5000 lb
CAZ
Controlled access zone
fall arrest permitted free fall distance
6 feet
Fall arrest VS fall restraint
Arrest -
protects the worker in the event of a fall,
Restraint-
Prevents a worker from falling
Types of Fall Restraint
Guardrails,
CAZ,
Work Positioning,
Travel restriction,
Passive VS Active Fall Arrest
Passive -
Do not require worker effort
Nets,
Active -
Requires Worker Effort
Harnesses, Lanyards, Shock Absorbers
More Common than Passive
5 Harness Categories
Group A: Fall Arresting, Group D: Controlled Descent, Group E: Confined Entry, Group L: Ladder Climbing, Group P: Work Positioning
How much force must a lifeline withsatand
6000lb
Is fall arrest equipment re-useable
no
How often do you need a process audit
every 3-5 years
Bhopal disaster
chemical production plant released toxic gas in india and killed hundreds of thousands
Responsible Care Mgmt System
global, voluntary chemical industry initiative,
Made in Canada,
Continuous Improvement,
ISO 14000
Environmental Mgmt
HAZOP
Hazard and Operability Study,
dissects the entire process and reviews the hazards and controls associated with the operating requirements
Two types of safety reviews
Formal - committees and process modifications,
Informal - small groups and small issues
3 factors to review in a pre-startup review
Potential for consequence associated with the process,
populated areas,
risk level of operating conditions
Two basic components of change mgmt
immediate job or task change,
physical of formal procedural change
9 steps in change mgmt process
- Identify the change,
- Evaluate the change,
- Review the change,
- Assign the change,
- Assess the change,
- Gain Approval,
- Communicate the change,
- Implement the change,
- Follow up
5 elements of the responsible care program
- Ethics,
- Codes,
- Mgmt System,
- Support and Encouragement,
- Verification
4 Steps in the Continuous Improvement Model
- Plan,
- Do,
- Check,
- Act (Correct)
Causes of troubled employees
Personal Factors,
Job Factors,
Multiple Factors
Three Approaches to troubled employees
Cover up -
Ignore until you can’t,
Limited-
Talk to employee only about visible issues, don’t look for underlying issues,
Comprehensive-
In depth and holistic
Unions tend not to like this
Safety Sensitive Job
A job in which safety practices must be followed or else a major incident may occur
untroubled VS troubled employee fatality chance
7X
6 guidelines for dealing with troubled employees
Recognize Role,
Identify Workplace Issues,
Document Performance,
Discuss Performance,
Listen and Learn,
Know when to refer,
What % of drug users use on the job
76
AGV
Automated Guided Vehicle,
Type of conveyer,
hazards are it will run someone over - train people
Three parts of a robot
Manipulator,
Power supply,
System of control
3 robot hazards
being struck by moving parts,
being trapped by moving parts,
being struck by things the robot is handling
most common robot safeguard
automatic device such as a light curtain
safe space for a grinding wheel
1/8”
when should a hook be removed from service
wear exceeding 10% of original dimension
how far out should a personal net be placed
8 feet
process documents
document to communicate the process hazards and controls to workers,
Hazard assessments, chemical stability data, other chemical info
