0-12 months

Question 1

Identify the Core Concepts in Early Development

Answer 1

• biological env. interaction impacts health/development
• brain development proceeds in well-defined but continuous steps
• major physiological systems develop rapidly
• early caregiving env. is crucial long-term
• developing child plays an important role in interactions and development
• development of executive functions is key
• trajectories are not immutable
• there’s variability in individuals and group development
• experiences play a role
• disparities in access to critical resources matter
• health outcomes are the result of experiences across the life course
• early interventions matter

Question 2

When does ATNR appear and integrates

Answer 2

• 20 weeks
• 4-5 months

Question 3

When does rooting reflex appear and integrate

Answer 3

• 28 weeks
• 3 months

Question 4

When does suck-swallow reflex appear and integrate

Answer 4

• 28-34 weeks
• 5 months

Question 5

When does palmar grasp appear and integrate

Answer 5

• 28 weeks
• 4-7 months

Question 6

When does plantar grasp appear and integrate

Answer 6

• 28 weeks
• 9 months

Question 7

When does flexor withdrawal appear and integrate

Answer 7

• 28 weeks
• 1-2 months

Question 8

When does crossed extension appear and integrate

Answer 8

• 28 weeks
• 1-2 months

Question 9

When does galant appear and integrate

Answer 9

• 28 weeks
• 3 months

Question 10

When does moro appear and integrate

Answer 10

• 28 weeks
• 3-5 months

Question 11

When does positive support appear and integrate

Answer 11

• 35 weeks
• 1-2 months

Question 12

When does autonomic walking/reflex stepping appear and integrate

Answer 12

• 37 weeks
• 3-4 months

Question 13

When does STNR appear and integrate

Answer 13

• 4-6 months post full term delivery
• 8-12 months

Question 14

0-3 months
vision/fine motor, congnitive

Answer 14

• focuses on stationary objects ~8-10 in from face (1 mo)
• hands fisted, thumb tuck (1 mo)
• tracks movement with head rot, looks at toy for several seconds (2 mo)
• hands open briefly (2 mo)
• reaching for toy while tracking (3 mo)
• interact w/ parent via visual tracking faces
• head righting (3 mo)

Question 15

0-3 months
Gross Motor
Supine

Answer 15

• physiological flexion
• reciprocal, symmetrical kicking (1 mo)
• head usually to 1 side (1 mo)
• head in midline, hands on chest (3 mo)

Question 16

0-3 months
Gross Motor
Prone

Answer 16

• momentary head elevation with min. forearm support (1 mo)
• head elevation to 45 deg, prone on elbows with them behind shoulders (2 mo)
• head elevation to 90 deg, prone on elbows, weight-bearing on forearms (3 mo)

Question 17

0-3 months
Gross Motor
Held in Sitting

Answer 17

• rounded back
• head bobs initially, then steadies
• hips apart, flexed, ER
• chin tucks
• shoulders in front of hips

Question 18

0-3 months
Gross Motor
Held in Standing

Answer 18

• accept ssome weight through legs
• primary walking reflex (1 mo)
• may choose not to bear weight/legs give out (astasia) (2-3 mo)

Question 19

0-3 months
Communication/Language, Social Emotional

Answer 19

• alert (1 mo)
• responds to friendly handling
• reacts to loud sounds (2 mo)
• smiles when talked to/smiled at (2 mo)
• coos, chuckles (3 mo)

Question 20

0-3 months
Feeding

Answer 20

• latches
• tongue movement back and forth
• recommended quantity
• effective suck, swallow
  
  • suck, swallow, breathe

Question 21

4-6 months
Fine Motor

Answer 21

• holds toy when put in hand (4 mo)
• uses arm to swing at toys (4 mo)
• brings hands to mouth (4 mo)
• hands slide forward bilat. in prone (5 mo)

Question 22

4-6 months
Gross Motor
Rolling

Answer 22

• rolls from supine to s/l, rolls from prone to side accidentally (4 mo)
• rolls prone to supine (5-6 mo)

Question 23

4-6 months
Gross Motor
Prone

Answer 23

• pushes up on hands with elbows extended (5 mo)

Question 24

4-6 months
Gross Motor
Sitting

Answer 24

• sits with support (4 mo)
• head control in supported sitting, wide base (5 mo)
• independent sitting, propped w/ hands leaning forward (6 mo)

Question 25

4-6 months Gross Motor Held in Standing Position

Answer 25

- increased WB w/ decreased necessary support, still proximal support needed

Question 26

4-6 months Cognitive

Answer 26

- opens mouth when hungry/sees food (4 mo) - looks at hands with interest (4 mo) - mouthing for exploration (6 mo) - reaches for desired toy (6 mo) - closes lips when doesn't want food (6 mo)

Question 27

4-6 months Communication/Language

Answer 27

- makes sounds when talking to them (4 mo) - turn head towards sound of caregiver (4 mo) - takes turns making sounds (6 mo) - blows raspberries (6 mo) - squeals (6 mo)

Question 28

4-6 months Social Emotional

Answer 28

- smiles on their own to get your attention (4 mo) - makes attempt to get/keep person's attention (4 mo) - knows familiar people (6 mo) - looks in mirror (6 mo) - laughs (6 mo)

Question 29

4-6 months Feeding

Answer 29

- begins to eat puree texture

Question 30

7-9 months Fine Motor

Answer 30

- reaches with one hand while WB on other (7 mo) - rakes food with fingers (9 mo) - moves objects from one hand to the other (9 mo) - bands 2 objects together (9 mo)

Question 31

7-9 months Gross Motor Rolling, Prone, Quadruped

Answer 31

- rolls segmentally prone to supine - head->shoulder->hips - crawls on belly (7 mo) - transitions into quad on hands and knees (7 mo) - reciprocal creep on all four limbs (7-10 mo)

Question 32

7-9 months Gross Motor Sitting

Answer 32

- transitions to sitting by self (9 mo) - sits without support (9 mo)

Question 33

7-9 Gross Motor Standing

Answer 33

- pulls to standing at furniture (6-12 mo) - trunk rotation over leg (8-9 mo) - kneeling, half-kneel involved in transition to standing (8-9 mo)

Question 34

7-9 months Cognitive

Answer 34

- looks for objects out of sight when dropped (9 mo) - bands 2 things together (9 mo)

Question 35

7-9 months Communication/Language

Answer 35

- babbles - lifts arms to be picked up (9 mo)

Question 36

7-9 months Social Emotional

Answer 36

- shy, clingy, fearful around strangers (9 mo) - variety of facial expressions to show happy, sad, angry, surprised (9 mo) - looks when call name (9 mo) - reacts when caregivers leave (9 mo) - smiles/laughs with peek-a-boo (9 mo)

Question 37

10-12 months Fine Motor

Answer 37

- picks things up between thumb and index figer (12 mo)

Question 38

10-12 months Gross Motor Quadruped

Answer 38

- creeps on hands and feet - creeps well - creeps over, around, on objects

Question 39

10-12 months Gross Motor Sitting

Answer 39

- transitions from supine via roll to prone, push up to quad, transition to sitting (9-18 mo) - transitions from supine via roll to side, then push up to sitting (11-24+ mo) - trunk control, equilibrium responses (11-12 mo)

Question 40

10-12 months Gross Motor Standing/Walking

Answer 40

- pulls to standing at furniture (6-12 mo) - walks with one hand held, reaching for furniture, cruises in either direction (11 mo)

Question 41

10-12 months Cognitive

Answer 41

- puts something in container (12 mo) - looks for things visibly hidden (12 mo)

Question 42

10-12 months Communication/Language

Answer 42

- Waves 'bye-bye' (12 mo) - calls parent by name - pauses or stops in response to "no" (12 mo)

Question 43

10-12 months Social Emotional

Answer 43

- plays interactive game (12 mo)

Question 44

When would you use the Alberta Infant Motor Scales (AIMS)

Answer 44

- motor function, assess change in motor development, infant screening - 0-18 months - observe in prone, supine, sitting, standing and in WB, posture, antigravity movement

Question 45

When would you use the Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT)

Answer 45

- ID neuromotor/cognitive-behavioral concerns, infant screening - 3-12 months - observe in various positions and transitions