0-1 a Chapter 3

Question 1

judicial reprieve

Answer 1

permitted judges to suspend judgment until offenders could seek a pardon or gather new evidence

Question 2

recognizance

Answer 2

permitted offender to remain free if they promised to pay their debts to the state

Question 3

sureties

Answer 3

individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody

Question 4

reintegrative philosophy

Answer 4

a correctional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible

Question 5

community corrections act

Answer 5

CCA
state based acts through which local governments that participate receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders from state prisons

Question 6

true diversion

Answer 6

a diversion program where the offender has his/her criminal prosecution dropped upon successful completion of this program

Question 7

minimization of system penetration

Answer 7

a diversion whose purpose is to minimize the offender’s contact with the justice process as much as possible

Question 8

deferred prosecution programs

Answer 8

those referred to these programs benefit from having their charges dropped upon the successful completion

Question 9

Treatment alternatives to street crime

Answer 9

TASC

treatment program designed to divert minor drug abusers away from the criminal justice system

Question 10

probation

Answer 10

a form of punishment that permits a convicted offender to remain in the community under the supervision of a probation officer and subject to certain conditions set by the court

Question 11

financial restitution

Answer 11

payment of a sum of money by an offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of a crime

Question 12

community service

Answer 12

requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency

Question 13

risk management system

Answer 13

a correctional system that is focused more on regulating and controlling offenders than on providing treatment or services for them

Question 14

new penology

Answer 14

a new approach in probation and other community based corrections that focuses more on administrative control and regulation than on treatment and offering services

Question 15

presentence investigation

Answer 15

an investigation whose main purposes are to help the court decide whether or not to grant probation, to determine the conditions of probation, to determine the length of sentence, and to decide on community based or institutional placement for the defendant

Question 16

revocation of probation

Answer 16

a violation of the rules or terms of probation or the commitment of a new crime, which may result in the offender being placed in an institution

Question 17

technical violation

Answer 17

a probationer violates one of the rules of probation, such as looking for a job

Question 18

deffered sentence

Answer 18

a sentence that delays conviction on a guilty plea until the sentenced offender has successfully served his or her term of probation

Question 19

shock probation

Answer 19

the offender, his or her attorney, or the sentencing judge can submit a motion to suspend the remainder of the sentence after a felon has served a period of time in prison

Question 20

bench, or unsupervised probation

Answer 20

a type of probation in which probationers are not subject to supervision

Question 21

split sentence

Answer 21

a sentence requiring an offender to spend a period of time in jail before being placed on probation in the community

Question 22

intensive probation

Answer 22

supervision that is far stricter than standard probationary supervision

Question 23

CCA implementation in states

Answer 23

25 passed CCA and established programs

Question 24

main types of diversion programs

Answer 24

deferred prosecution
deferred judgment
TASC

Question 25

advantages and disadvantages of diversion programs

Answer 25

• major advantage is avoiding justice system processing

- disadvantage is increasing the number of individuals who may have been ignored by the justice system in the past

Question 26

advantages of being on probation

Answer 26

permitted to remain in the community

Question 27

current emphasis of risk assessment models

Answer 27

strategies that would better ensure public protection

Question 28

most widely used risk assessment strategies

Answer 28

• combination of probation and incarceration
• intensive probation
• electronic monitoring and house arrest

Question 29

various ways probation is administered

Answer 29

• local executive or local judicial
• state executive
• state judicial
• combination
• federal

Question 30

most effective probation administration

Answer 30

combining probation and parole departments

30 states

Question 31

legal rights of probationers

Answer 31

• disclosure of PSI reports
• civil rights of probationers
• rights during probation revocation

Question 32

effectiveness of probation

Answer 32

adult probation is most widely used correctional option

more effective than other options

Question 33

emerging probation programs

Answer 33

• fees for probation services
• performance indicators to measure probation effectiveness
• more attention to drug users