0-1 a Chapter 3 Flashcards
judicial reprieve
permitted judges to suspend judgment until offenders could seek a pardon or gather new evidence
recognizance
permitted offender to remain free if they promised to pay their debts to the state
sureties
individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody
reintegrative philosophy
a correctional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible
community corrections act
CCA
state based acts through which local governments that participate receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders from state prisons
true diversion
a diversion program where the offender has his/her criminal prosecution dropped upon successful completion of this program
minimization of system penetration
a diversion whose purpose is to minimize the offender’s contact with the justice process as much as possible
deferred prosecution programs
those referred to these programs benefit from having their charges dropped upon the successful completion
Treatment alternatives to street crime
TASC
treatment program designed to divert minor drug abusers away from the criminal justice system
probation
a form of punishment that permits a convicted offender to remain in the community under the supervision of a probation officer and subject to certain conditions set by the court
financial restitution
payment of a sum of money by an offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of a crime
community service
requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency
risk management system
a correctional system that is focused more on regulating and controlling offenders than on providing treatment or services for them
new penology
a new approach in probation and other community based corrections that focuses more on administrative control and regulation than on treatment and offering services
presentence investigation
an investigation whose main purposes are to help the court decide whether or not to grant probation, to determine the conditions of probation, to determine the length of sentence, and to decide on community based or institutional placement for the defendant
revocation of probation
a violation of the rules or terms of probation or the commitment of a new crime, which may result in the offender being placed in an institution
technical violation
a probationer violates one of the rules of probation, such as looking for a job
deffered sentence
a sentence that delays conviction on a guilty plea until the sentenced offender has successfully served his or her term of probation
shock probation
the offender, his or her attorney, or the sentencing judge can submit a motion to suspend the remainder of the sentence after a felon has served a period of time in prison
bench, or unsupervised probation
a type of probation in which probationers are not subject to supervision
split sentence
a sentence requiring an offender to spend a period of time in jail before being placed on probation in the community
intensive probation
supervision that is far stricter than standard probationary supervision
CCA implementation in states
25 passed CCA and established programs
main types of diversion programs
deferred prosecution
deferred judgment
TASC
advantages and disadvantages of diversion programs
- major advantage is avoiding justice system processing
- disadvantage is increasing the number of individuals who may have been ignored by the justice system in the past
advantages of being on probation
permitted to remain in the community
current emphasis of risk assessment models
strategies that would better ensure public protection
most widely used risk assessment strategies
- combination of probation and incarceration
- intensive probation
- electronic monitoring and house arrest
various ways probation is administered
- local executive or local judicial
- state executive
- state judicial
- combination
- federal
most effective probation administration
combining probation and parole departments
30 states
legal rights of probationers
- disclosure of PSI reports
- civil rights of probationers
- rights during probation revocation
effectiveness of probation
adult probation is most widely used correctional option
more effective than other options
emerging probation programs
- fees for probation services
- performance indicators to measure probation effectiveness
- more attention to drug users
