0-1 a Chapter 2

Question 1

Actors in the sentencing process

Answer 1

Prosecutor
judge
probation staff

Question 2

concurrent sentences

Answer 2

one or more sentences imposed at the same time and served simultaneously

Question 3

consecutive sentences

Answer 3

one or more sentences imposed at the same time and served one after the other

Question 4

good time

Answer 4

a deduction of time awarded to inmates for good behavior

Question 5

sentencing sanctions

Answer 5

the various types of sentences that can be awarded by the courts

Question 6

indeterminate sentence

Answer 6

permits the early release from a correctional institute after the offender has served a required minimum portion of his or her sentence

Question 7

determinate sentence

Answer 7

sentencing that imposes a sentence for a definite term.

Question 8

main forms of determinate sentences

Answer 8

flat time
mandatory
presumptive

Question 9

sentencing guidelines

Answer 9

federal and state guidelines intended to ensure fair sentencing by ending the reduction of terms in prison by grants of parole, ensuring that persons committing similar crimes serve similar terms, and ensuring that sentences reflect the severity of the criminal conduct

Question 10

presumptive sentencing

Answer 10

sentencing in which the legislature sets penalties for criminal acts

Question 11

federal sentencing guidelines

Answer 11

guidelines adopted by congress and until the US Supreme court ruled otherwise were to be binding on federal judges

Question 12

mandatory minimum sentence

Answer 12

the imposition of sentences required by statute for those convicted of a particular crime with specific circumstances such as selling drugs to a minor close to a school or robbery with a firearm

Question 13

three strikes laws

Answer 13

rules for repeat offenders that require long sentences without parole for conviction of a third or higher order felony

Question 14

truth in sentencing

Answer 14

a close connection between the imposed sentence and the actual time spent in prison. The time that offenders actually serve on their sentence

Question 15

non-legal factors in sentencing

Answer 15

contextual factors
social class
gender
race
age
victim characteristics

Question 16

racial disparity in sentencing

Answer 16

an actual pattern of racial discrimination in sentencing

Question 17

explain the role of the court team in the sentencing process

Answer 17

prosecutor, judge, probation staff

recent trend toward more power for prosecutors

Question 18

explain indeterminate sentencing

Answer 18

30+ states
permits the early release from a correctional institute after the offender has served a required minimum portion of his or her sentence

Question 19

various forms of determinate sentencing

Answer 19

sentencing guidelines
mandatory minimum sentencing
three-strike laws
truth in sentencing
remains popular in nearly 1/3 of states

Question 20

role of sentencing guidelines

Answer 20

beginning with federal sentencing guidelines, 20 states have adopted sentencing guidelines
provides direction to judges when they impose sentences

Question 21

truth in sentencing - meaning

Answer 21

the goal is to require offenders to serve a substantial portion of their imposed sentence in prison

Question 22

most serious issues in sentencing

Answer 22

• excessive length of sentences
• nonlegal factor; age and gender that influence sentencing
• racial disparities that are present in sentencing outcomes