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Corrections > 0-1 a Chapter 1 > Flashcards

0-1 a Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Corrections

A

The institutions and methods that society uses to correct, control and change behavior of convicted offender

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2
Q

blameworthy

A

the law defines that a person is criminally liable for his or her behavior

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3
Q

just deserts

A

punishment that is commensurate with the seriousness of the offense or the harm done

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4
Q

retribution

A

something given or demanded as repayment for wrongdoing; “getting even” for violating the social contract on which the law is based

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5
Q

general deterrent effect

A

the idea that punishing one person for his or her criminal acts will discourage others from committing the similar acts

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6
Q

specific deterrence

A

the idea that an individual offender will decide against repeating an offense after experiencing the painfulness of punishment for that offense

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7
Q

incapacitation

A

isolating offenders to protect society

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8
Q

selective incapacitation

A

identifying high-rate offenders and providing for their long term incarceration

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9
Q

rehabilitation

A

changing an offenders character, attitudes or behavior patterns so as to diminish his or her criminal propensities

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10
Q

evidence based programs

A

this approach is an analysis of programs with scientifically approved methods to discover what works with which offenders

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11
Q

restorative justice

A

making amends to the victim or society for the harm resulting from a criminal offense

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12
Q

equity goal of punishment

A

that offenders usually gain from criminal violations makes it seem just and right that they repay society and victims for losses, expenses, and damages that result from their crimes

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13
Q

Code of Hammurabi

A

Law code issued during the reign of Hammurabi of Babylon. The law of Lex Talionis makes its appearance in this code, one of the first comprehensive views of the law.

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14
Q

monastic confinement

A

prisons established by the church in the middle ages for those laity involved in offensive acts, such as incest and magic

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15
Q

bridewells

A

houses of corrections run by local authorities to teach habits of industry to vagrants and idlers

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16
Q

houses of correction

A

work houses where vagrants were forced to work to achieve the purposes of discipline and punishment

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17
Q

Charles-Louis De Secondant

A

Baron De Montesquieu

one of the founders of the classical school of criminology who advocated moderation of punishment

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18
Q

Cesare Bonesana Beccaria

A

one of the founders of the classical school of criminology who advocated that punishment should be public, immediate and necessary

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19
Q

jemerey Bentham

A

one of the founders of the classical school of criminology who believed that the law should accomplish the utilitarian purpose of protection of society

20
Q

John Howard

A

English Sheriff who advocated jail reform

21
Q

Alexander Maconochie

A

Served as the director of the prison colony in Australia and set up the “mark” system

22
Q

Walter Crofton

A

Prison reformer who developed the Irish mark system, which eventually spread to the US and influenced the parole system

23
Q

penitentiary

A

a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal society

24
Q

Eastern State Penitentiary

A

a fortress like prison in Philadelphia consisting of 7 wings radiating from a control hub. Prisoners were kept in solitary confinement. It became the model for prisoners in several European countries.

25
Q

Pennsylvania Model

A

a penal system based on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration

26
Q

Auburn Cellblock

A

an austere prison setting in Auburn, NY in which inmates were made to endure great suffering

27
Q

Auburn silent system

A

system that demanded silence from all prisoners at all times, even when eating or working together

28
Q

first correctional congress

A

congress held in Cincinnati in 1870 to present progressive ideas about corrections, which resulted in the formation of the declaration of principles

29
Q

Zebulon Brockway

A

Superintendent of Elmira Reformatory in NY

30
Q

Reformatory model

A

a penal system for youthful offenders featuring indeterminate sentencing and parole, classification of prisoners, educational and vocational training, and increased privileges for positive behavior

31
Q

medical model

A

the idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured through psychological intervention

32
Q

Howard B. Gill

A

developed the “scamp” system at the Norfolk Prison colony in Virginia

33
Q

Nolle Prosequi

A

a formal entry in the record of the court indicating that the prosecutor does not intend to proceed any further in this case

34
Q

mass incarceration

A

term given to the high rates of incarceration in the US

35
Q

prion-industrial complex

A

term used to describe the multimillion dollar prison building boom in which powerful corporate interest groups, large businesses and politicians join together to profit from the burgeoning corrections industry.

36
Q

professionalism

A

the conduct, aims or qualities that characterize or make a profession or professional person

37
Q

Reasons why we punish

A
  • provides beneficial consequences
  • It is deserved
  • expresses public outrage
  • teaches a lesson
  • helps maintain the government
38
Q

7 objectives of criminal punishment

A

-general deterrence
-specific deterrence
-incapacitation
-rehabilitation
-retribution/just deserts
restoration and justice
-equity/restitution

39
Q

ideas within enlightenment and influenced corrections

A

Montesquieu, Beccaria and Bentham wrote about need for moderation:

  • Punishment: swift, certain and moderate
  • punishment should prevent/deter crime
  • reject torture & most capital punishment
40
Q

Early prison reformenrs

A

John Howard
Alexander Maconochie
Walter Crofton

41
Q

Pennsylvania versus Auburn system

A

Pennsylvania used solitary confinement and penitence model; Auburn system demanded silence and prisoners marched to work and chow

42
Q

How did reformatories contribute to the rehabilitation model

A

because of the system of indeterminate sentencing, the payment of inmates for work, supervision of inmates in community and system of behavior modification

43
Q

Purpose of corrections

A

to provide sufficient consequences to individuals convicted by the courts so that the

  • public will be protected
  • crime will be reduced
  • offenders learn that crime does not pay
44
Q

relationship between corrections and the criminal justice system

A

part of the larger criminal justice system of which the police, the courts and corrections are the three parts of the system

45
Q

extent and consequences of prison overcrowding

A

major issue
more than 2.2 million inmates
leads to increased inmate defiance and makes prisons more dangerous places to work

Corrections (3 decks)

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