- Flashcards
Tetracyclines, tigecycline
Phototoxicity
Discolouration of primary dentition
Hepatotoxicity
GI discomfort
Vestibular dysfunction (dizziness)
Accumulation in renal impairment (tetracycline)
Superinfection
Contraindications:
- Children below 8 y.o.
- Last trimester of pregnancy
- Myasthenia gravis
Aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Neuromuscular paralysis
Skin rash (with TOP neomycin)
Contraindication:
- Renal impairment
- Hearing impairment
- Myasthenia gravis
- Pregnancy
Macrolides
DDI (less with azithromycin)
Gastric disturbance (most with erythromycin)
Ototoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
QT prolongation
Contraindication:
- Hepatic impairment
- long QT syndrome
- Hearing impairment
Clindamycin
CDAD
Esophageal irritation
GI discomfort
Rash
Contraindications:
- pseudomembranous colitis and ulcerative colitis
Linezolid
GI discomfort
Myelosuppression (> 10 days)
Serotonin syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis (> 28 days)
Contraindication:
- Catheter-related blood infections
- Catheter-site infections
- 2 weeks of MAO inhibitors
Fluoroquinolones
GI disturbance
Aortic dissection or rupture of aortic aneurysm
CDAD
Dysglycemia
Phototoxicity
Tendon rupture
QT prolongation
Peripheral neuropathy
Contraindications:
- H/o aortic aneurysm
- Vascular abnormalities
- HTN
- Pregnancy
- Children < 18 y.o.
- Myasthenia gravis
Co-trimoxazole
Sulfur allergy
Kernicterus
Photosensitivity
Crystalluria
Hemolytic anemia
Folate deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Nausea, vomiting
Glossitis, stomatitis
Contraindications:
- G6PD deficiency
- Pregnancy (1st and 3rd trimester)
Nitrofurantoin
GI upset (nausea, diarrhea)
Leukopenia, hemolytic anemia
Hepatotoxicity (cholestatic jaundice, hepatocellular damage)
Pulmonary toxicity
Phototoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Contraindications:
- Infants < 1 month
- Pregnancy at term
- G6PD deficiency
- CrCL < 40 ml/min
Metronidazole
- Metallic taste
- Oral candidosis
- CNS effects
- Peripheral neuropathy
- GI disturbance (nausea, epigastric distress)
Contraindications:
- Pregnancy (1st trimester)
Penicillins
Allergy
CDAD (more with ampicillin and augmentin)
Neutoxicity (hallucination, confusion, convulsion)
Hepatoxicity (cholestatic from oxacillin)
Anosmia
Seizures at high concentrations
Cephalosporins
Allergy
Thrombophlebitis
Diarrhea, CDAD
Carbapenems
Allergy
Rash
Neurotoxicity (seizures at high concentrations)
Aztreonam
Rash
Elevation of transaminases
Vancomycin
Red man syndrome
Thrombophlebitis with fever and chills
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Amphotericin B
Nephrotoxicity
Flu-like syndrome
Thrombophlebitis
Hypotension + hyperkalemia
Myelosuppression
5-flucytosine
GIT effects
Hepatotoxicity
Myelosuppression
Echinocandins
Flushing
Rashes
GIT effects
Thrombocytopenia
Fever and chills
Triazoles
GIT side effects
Headache
Rash
Hepatotoxicity
QTC prolongation
Hair loss (fluconazole)
Cardiotoxicity (itraconazole)
Neurotoxicity & periostitis (voriconazole)
Contraindications:
Pregnancy (teratogenic)
Imidazoles
Contact dermatitis
Valvular irritation, edema
GIT side effects
Elevated transaminases
Terbinafine
GIT side effects
Elevated transaminases
Headache
Rash
Contraindication:
Hepatic dysfunction
Nursing mothers
Rifampicin
Cutaneous reactions
Flu-like syndrome
Respiratory syndrome (SOB)
Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Hepatitis
Colouration of bodily fluids
Isoniazid
Folate deficiency
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis
Serotonin syndrome
Pyrazinamide
GIT effects
Hepatitis
Phototoxicity
Hyperuricemia & gout-like symptoms
Exanthema
Contraindication:
Hepatic failure
Ethambutol
Decreased visual acuity
Hyperuricemia & gout-like symptoms
