-

Question 1

Tetracyclines, tigecycline

Answer 1

Phototoxicity
Discolouration of primary dentition
Hepatotoxicity
GI discomfort
Vestibular dysfunction (dizziness)
Accumulation in renal impairment (tetracycline)
Superinfection

Contraindications:
- Children below 8 y.o.
- Last trimester of pregnancy
- Myasthenia gravis

Question 2

Aminoglycosides

Answer 2

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Neuromuscular paralysis
Skin rash (with TOP neomycin)

Contraindication:
- Renal impairment
- Hearing impairment
- Myasthenia gravis
- Pregnancy

Question 3

Macrolides

Answer 3

DDI (less with azithromycin)
Gastric disturbance (most with erythromycin)
Ototoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
QT prolongation

Contraindication:
- Hepatic impairment
- long QT syndrome
- Hearing impairment

Question 4

Clindamycin

Answer 4

CDAD
Esophageal irritation
GI discomfort
Rash

Contraindications:
- pseudomembranous colitis and ulcerative colitis

Question 5

Linezolid

Answer 5

GI discomfort
Myelosuppression (> 10 days)
Serotonin syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis (> 28 days)

Contraindication:
- Catheter-related blood infections
- Catheter-site infections
- 2 weeks of MAO inhibitors

Question 6

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 6

GI disturbance
Aortic dissection or rupture of aortic aneurysm
CDAD
Dysglycemia
Phototoxicity
Tendon rupture
QT prolongation
Peripheral neuropathy

Contraindications:
- H/o aortic aneurysm
- Vascular abnormalities
- HTN
- Pregnancy
- Children < 18 y.o.
- Myasthenia gravis

Question 7

Co-trimoxazole

Answer 7

Sulfur allergy
Kernicterus
Photosensitivity
Crystalluria
Hemolytic anemia
Folate deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Nausea, vomiting
Glossitis, stomatitis

Contraindications:
- G6PD deficiency
- Pregnancy (1st and 3rd trimester)

Question 8

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 8

GI upset (nausea, diarrhea)
Leukopenia, hemolytic anemia
Hepatotoxicity (cholestatic jaundice, hepatocellular damage)
Pulmonary toxicity
Phototoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy

Contraindications:
- Infants < 1 month
- Pregnancy at term
- G6PD deficiency
- CrCL < 40 ml/min

Question 9

Metronidazole

Answer 9

• Metallic taste
• Oral candidosis
• CNS effects
• Peripheral neuropathy
• GI disturbance (nausea, epigastric distress)

Contraindications:
- Pregnancy (1st trimester)

Question 10

Penicillins

Answer 10

Allergy
CDAD (more with ampicillin and augmentin)
Neutoxicity (hallucination, confusion, convulsion)
Hepatoxicity (cholestatic from oxacillin)
Anosmia
Seizures at high concentrations

Question 11

Cephalosporins

Answer 11

Allergy
Thrombophlebitis
Diarrhea, CDAD

Question 12

Carbapenems

Answer 12

Allergy
Rash
Neurotoxicity (seizures at high concentrations)

Question 13

Aztreonam

Answer 13

Rash
Elevation of transaminases

Question 14

Vancomycin

Answer 14

Red man syndrome
Thrombophlebitis with fever and chills
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

Question 15

Amphotericin B

Answer 15

Nephrotoxicity
Flu-like syndrome
Thrombophlebitis
Hypotension + hyperkalemia
Myelosuppression

Question 16

5-flucytosine

Answer 16

GIT effects
Hepatotoxicity
Myelosuppression

Question 17

Echinocandins

Answer 17

Flushing
Rashes
GIT effects
Thrombocytopenia
Fever and chills

Question 18

Triazoles

Answer 18

GIT side effects
Headache
Rash
Hepatotoxicity
QTC prolongation
Hair loss (fluconazole)
Cardiotoxicity (itraconazole)
Neurotoxicity & periostitis (voriconazole)

Contraindications:
Pregnancy (teratogenic)

Question 19

Imidazoles

Answer 19

Contact dermatitis
Valvular irritation, edema
GIT side effects
Elevated transaminases

Question 20

Terbinafine

Answer 20

GIT side effects
Elevated transaminases
Headache
Rash

Contraindication:
Hepatic dysfunction
Nursing mothers

Question 21

Rifampicin

Answer 21

Cutaneous reactions
Flu-like syndrome
Respiratory syndrome (SOB)
Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Hepatitis
Colouration of bodily fluids

Question 22

Isoniazid

Answer 22

Folate deficiency
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis
Serotonin syndrome

Question 23

Pyrazinamide

Answer 23

GIT effects
Hepatitis
Phototoxicity
Hyperuricemia & gout-like symptoms
Exanthema

Contraindication:
Hepatic failure

Question 24

Ethambutol

Answer 24

Decreased visual acuity
Hyperuricemia & gout-like symptoms