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1
Q

What are alpha-2 adrenergic agonists primarily used for?

A

They are primarily used for sedation, analgesia, and as antihypertensives.

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2
Q

True or False: Alpha-2 drugs decrease norepinephrine release.

A

True

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3
Q

Name one common alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used in clinical practice.

A

Clonidine

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists act on the _____ receptors.

A

alpha-2

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5
Q

What effect do alpha-2 agonists have on blood pressure?

A

They typically lower blood pressure.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an indication for the use of alpha-2 agonists? A) Hypertension B) Hyperglycemia C) Hypotension D) Hyperkalemia

A

A) Hypertension

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7
Q

Short Answer: How do alpha-2 drugs affect sedation levels?

A

They increase sedation levels.

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8
Q

True or False: Alpha-2 agonists can be used to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alpha-2 agonists?

A

They activate alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, inhibiting norepinephrine release.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary side effect of alpha-2 agonists is _____.

A

sedation

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a side effect of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists? A) Increased heart rate B) Drowsiness C) Hypertension D) Increased anxiety

A

B) Drowsiness

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12
Q

What is the role of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system?

A

They modulate neurotransmitter release and reduce sympathetic outflow.

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13
Q

True or False: Alpha-2 agonists can cause rebound hypertension if discontinued abruptly.

A

True

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14
Q

Name two clinical applications of alpha-2 agonists.

A

Sedation and management of hypertension.

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15
Q

What is the effect of clonidine on heart rate?

A

It generally causes a decrease in heart rate.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Alpha-2 agonists can be administered via _____ route in addition to oral.

A

transdermal

17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition is NOT typically treated with alpha-2 agonists? A) ADHD B) Anxiety disorders C) Glaucoma D) Asthma

18
Q

Short Answer: How does dexmedetomidine differ from clonidine?

A

Dexmedetomidine is more selective for alpha-2 receptors and is used primarily for sedation.

19
Q

True or False: Alpha-2 agonists can have analgesic properties.

20
Q

What is the significance of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in pain modulation?

A

They help reduce pain perception through central mechanisms.

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The prototype drug of alpha-2 agonists is _____ .

22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a contraindication for alpha-2 agonists? A) Chronic pain B) Severe coronary insufficiency C) Hypertension D) Anxiety

A

B) Severe coronary insufficiency

23
Q

Short Answer: What is one potential drug interaction with alpha-2 agonists?

A

Interactions with other sedatives or antihypertensives.

24
Q

True or False: Alpha-2 agonists can cause dry mouth as a side effect.

25
Q

What is the role of alpha-2 agonists in anesthesia?

A

They provide sedation and analgesia as adjuncts to general anesthesia.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The use of alpha-2 agonists can lead to _____ if stopped suddenly.

A

rebound hypertension

27
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of alpha-2 agonists? A) Sedation B) Bradycardia C) Hypertension D) Dry mouth

A

C) Hypertension

28
Q

Short Answer: What is a common method of administration for clonidine?

A

Oral tablets or transdermal patches.

29
Q

True or False: Alpha-2 agonists are primarily agonists at alpha-1 receptors.

30
Q

What is the effect of alpha-2 agonists on sympathetic nervous system activity?

A

They inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity.

31
Q

Fill in the blank: Alpha-2 agonists are often used in the management of _____ pain.

32
Q

Multiple Choice: Which drug is used for sedation in intensive care units? A) Clonidine B) Dexmedetomidine C) Phenylephrine D) Epinephrine

A

B) Dexmedetomidine

33
Q

Short Answer: What is the typical duration of action for clonidine?

A

Approximately 8-12 hours.

34
Q

True or False: Alpha-2 agonists can be used to manage ADHD symptoms.

35
Q

What is a key pharmacological characteristic of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists?

A

They are centrally acting agents.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The alpha-2 adrenergic agonists can lead to _____ sedation.

37
Q

Multiple Choice: Which alpha-2 agonist is used for the treatment of opioid withdrawal? A) Clonidine B) Fentanyl C) Morphine D) Buprenorphine

A

A) Clonidine

38
Q

Short Answer: Why are alpha-2 agonists considered safe for use in children?

A

They have a favorable side effect profile when used appropriately.

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