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Question 1

Ionitropic channel

Answer 1

Nicotinic
NMDA AMPA
Glycine
GABA A

Question 2

Catchecolimines

Answer 2

Start from tyrosine
L Dopa
Dopamine
Norepi
Epi

Question 3

Glycine gated channels

Answer 3

Cl ion channels
Antagonist : strychnine
Which affects spinal chord spasms leading to death

Question 4

Kinase

Answer 4

Adds phosphate

Question 5

Phosphotases

Answer 5

Cuts phosphate

Question 6

Camp pka

Answer 6

Adenyl cyclase
Camp
PkA (cytosol)

Question 7

Phospholipase C

Answer 7

Pip2 broken by activated PLC
Dag activates PKC
IP3 let’s out Ca

Question 8

Hebbs rule

Answer 8

Cells that fire together wire together

Question 9

LTP

Answer 9

Ca in cell leads to AMPA receptor kinases that recruit more AMPA

NO can be released to make presynaptic cell more viable

Question 10

Synaptic genistas

Answer 10

Lots of repeated Ca allow as cAMP demoendebt protein kinase to move to the nuclease and it activated Creb which then causes new axons to form

Question 11

LTD

Answer 11

Uncoordinated ca coming in activated protien phosphotases which makes it less likely to express channels that depolarize the cell

Question 12

NMDA agonists and GABA a antagonists

Answer 12

Picrotoxin
Which inhabce ltp

Opposite is alcholol
Which has opposite effect

Question 13

Salt transduction

Answer 13

Sodium goes into cell
Which then depolarize and let’s more sodium in and then ca which then leads to serotonin release

Question 14

Sour transduction

Answer 14

Similar to salt except hydrogen blacks k+ channels
Lower resting membrane potential of -85

Question 15

Bitter umami sweet

Answer 15

Secondary messenger systems
From GPCR

External ca not required

Releases ATP as neurotransmitters

25+ bitter
1 known sweet
1 know umami

Question 16

Central taste pathway

Answer 16

3 nerves
VII facial (anterior part and lateral tongue)
IX glossy pharyngeal (posterior 1:3)
X vagus (throat)

Then gustatory nuclease which is part of the Nucleus of the solitary tract which is in the medulla

Which will the synapse in the thalamus VPM nucleus

Which the to primary gustatory cortex in the ínsula

Question 17

Olfactory nerve transduction

Answer 17

Camp activates NA and Cl
Cl weirdly has large internal concentration!

Question 18

Olfactory pathway

Answer 18

Cranial nerve 1 goes through cribriform plate and synapses in the olfactory bulb then
It either goes directly to the olfactory cortex which is related to memory and emotion
Or more commonly goes to thalamus in the medial dorsal nucleus and then goes to the orbito frontal cortex

Primary neuron is bipolar

Question 19

Some taste special

Answer 19

Pain receptors are used ie capsasin ginger garlic pepper and onion

Question 20

Alliethesia

Answer 20

Slow acting stomach formed cravings or repulsion’s