💆🏼‍♂️

Question 1

agonists and antagonists are drugs that…

Answer 1

act directly on the receptors

Question 2

agonists are _____ (3) which bind to specific receptors and initiate a ______ in the receptor resulting in a biological response

Answer 2

drugs, hormones, or transmitters

conformational change

Question 3

affinity (def.)

Answer 3

ability of agonists to bind to receptors

Question 4

efficacy (def.)

Answer 4

ability of agonist, once bound to a receptor, to initiate a biological response

Question 5

block caused by competitive antagonist can be reversed by…

Answer 5

🔼 the agonist concentration

Question 6

synapses are classified according to…

Answer 6

the transmitter released from the presynaptic neurone

Question 7

synapses where the presynaptic neurone produces and relates acetylcholine (ACh) transmission is classified as…

Answer 7

cholinergic

Question 8

Receptors to which ACh binds are called…

Answer 8

cholinoreceptors

Question 9

two classes of of cholinoreceptors are:

Answer 9

• nicotinic cholinoceptors (nAChRs)

- muscarinic cholinoceptors

Question 10

nicotinic cholinoceptors (nAChRs) are activated/ not activated by:
ACh
nicotine (tobacco alkaloid)
muscarine 🍄 (fungal alkaloid)

Answer 10

✅ (activated by) ACh
✅ nicotine (tobacco alkaloid)
❌ muscarine 🍄 (fungal alkaloid)

Question 11

muscarinic cholinoceptors are activated/ not activated by:
ACh
muscarine 🍄
nicotine

Answer 11

✅ ACh
✅ muscarine 🍄
❌ nicotine

Question 12

⍺-bungarotoxin comes from a _____
it binds specifically to the _____ receptors
_____ muscles get _____

Answer 12

snake
nicotinic
skeletal
paralysed

Question 13

MEPP is…

Answer 13

MINIATURE END PLATE POTENTIAL

Question 14

MEPPs summate to give ____ which, initiates _____ —> _______ (body reaction)

Answer 14

an end plate potential (EPP)
an action potential
muscle contraction

Question 15

_______ synthesises ACh from precursors _____ and ______ from _____ (location)

Answer 15

Choline acetyl transferase (CAT)
choline
Acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl Co-A)
mitochondria

Question 16

Reuptake of choline is _____ (ion) dependent & blocked competitively by _______ (not used clinically).
Amplitude of the EPP & the MEPP are ______ i.e. _______ (🔼/no change/🔽) in the quantal content.

Answer 16

Na+
hemicholinium 3
🔽
no change

Question 17

Transport of ACh into vesicles can be blocked by inhibition of the ACh transporter by _____
Amplitude of the EPP & the MEPP are ______ i.e. _______ (🔼/no change/🔽) in the quantal content.

Answer 17

VESAMICOL
🔽
no change

Question 18

________ (type of toxin) blocks Na+ channels (_______ [why is it working?]).
who produces?

Answer 18

Tetrodotoxin (TTX)
no AP = no release
puffer fish 🐡

Question 19

________ (type of toxin) block voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (_______ [why is it working?]).

The EPP amplitude _______ (🔼/no change/🔽)
_______ (🔼/no change/🔽) in the MEPP amplitude.
_______ (🔼/no change/🔽) quantal content
who produces?

Answer 19

conotoxins
🔽 Ca2+ influx = 🔽 release
🔽
no change 
🔽
cone snail🐚

Question 20

________ (type of toxin) blocks voltage-gated K+ channels, as (_______ [why is it working?]).

EPP amplitude _______ (🔼/no change/🔽)
_______ (🔼/no change/🔽) in the MEPP amplitude
_______ (🔼/no change/🔽) quantal content
who produces?

Answer 20

Dendrotoxin
prolonged action potential —>  🔼Ca2+ influx —> 🔼 release
🔼
no change
🔼
eastern green mamba🐍

Question 21

________ (type of toxin) blocks vesicle fusion = no release
EPP amplitude _______ (🔼/no change/🔽)
_______ (🔼/no change/🔽) in the MEPP amplitude
_______ (🔼/no change/🔽) quantal content
where can be found?

Answer 21

Botulinum toxin
🔽
no change
🔽
botox💉

Question 22

________ (type of toxin)

when toxin administered: massive ACh release, muscle spasms

afterwards: depletion of vesicles, inhibition of endocytosis, distended terminal paralysis

where can be found?

Answer 22

⍺-latrotoxin

black widow🕷