语法:第一学期 Flashcards

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1
Q

conj. yiīnwèi…(suôyî)
because. .. (therefore)

A

因为…(所以)

e.g. _因为_你不做作业,_所以_考试考得不好。

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2
Q

yòng V

use/using/with… V

A

用 V

e.g. 汉字不是_用_字母拼写的。

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3
Q

conj. bùdàn…érqiê/yê/hâi

not only… but also

A

不但…而且/也/还

e.g. 有的字_不但_可以从偏旁上看出它的意思,_(还/而且/也)_可以从偏旁上读出它的声音。

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4
Q

adv. qíshí

in fact; actually

A

其实

e.g. 有人说大学的学习很忙,_其实_我觉得一点儿都不忙。

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5
Q

prep. cóng

from

A

e.g. _从_书里面可以找到答案。

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6
Q

adv. chàbuduō

almost; about

A

差不多

e.g. 我们_差不多_一个星期听写一次汉子。

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7
Q

conj. suīrán… (dànshì/kêshì)
although. .. (but)

A

虽然…(但是/可是)

e.g. 虽然_汉子很多,(但是/可是)_常用字只有两千五百个。

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8
Q

prep. zhàozhe

according to

A

照着

e.g. 小张_照着_书上的句子做练习。

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9
Q

v. zuòwéi
(be) used as; (be) regarded as

A

作为

e.g. 我把中文_作为_我的第二外语。

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10
Q

yóu…zûchéng

be made of; consist of

A

由…组成

e.g. 现在百分之八十的汉子都是_由_形旁和声旁_组成_的。

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11
Q

bâifēnzhī X

X percent

A

百分之 X

e.g. 这一课_百分之_五十的字我都认识。

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12
Q

A gēn B yôu guānxi

A is related to B; A has something to do with B

A

A 跟 B 有关系

e.g. 有水字旁的字_跟_水_有关系_。

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13
Q

adv. háishì

still

A

还是

e.g. 今天老师讲的很清楚,可是我_还是_有点儿不太懂。

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14
Q
  • rúguô/háishi…nàme*
    if. .. then
A

如果/要是…那么

e.g. (_如果/要是)_明天下大雪,_那么_我们还去上课吗?

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15
Q

prep. dāng…shíhou

when

A

当…的时候

e.g. 当_我看到不认识的字_的时候,就去查字典。

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16
Q

wèile

for the purpose of; in order to

A

为了

e.g. _为了_学好中文,我每天都练习写汉字。

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17
Q

conj. zhîyào…jiù
if. .. only; as long as

A

只要…就

e.g. _只要_每天来上课,你_就_可以得一个A。

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18
Q

conj. bùguân…dōu

no matter what

A

不管…都

e.g. _不管_在什么地方_都_可以看到中国人。

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19
Q

conj. bìngqiê

and; furthermore

A

并且

e.g. 汉子很难写,_并且_也很难记。

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20
Q

(bâ…) liánqîlai

connect; link (together)

A

(把…) 连起来

e.g. 爱可以把两个人的心_连起来_。

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21
Q

conj. yúshì

and then; hence

A

于是

e.g. 作业做完了,_于是_我就去看电视了。

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22
Q

v. rènwéi

think; consider (judgments or beliefs)

A

认为

e.g. 现在很多人都_认为_学中文很有用。

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23
Q

v. yîwéi

think; consider (assumptions, which may be erroneous)

A

以为

e.g. 我_以为_你回家了,你怎么还在这儿?

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24
Q

What’s the difference between 住 (zhù) and 居住 (jūzhù)?

A

Both can refer to an extended period of residence, but 住 can also be used to refer to a short stay.

e. g. 很多_居住_在美国的华人还是喜欢吃中国饭。
e. g. 汤姆去北京的时候,在赵小燕家里_住_了一两天。

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25
Q

adv. cái

not until; only then

A

e.g. 昨天晚上做中文作业,做到十二点_才_睡觉。

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26
Q

conj. lián…yê/dōu/hái

even

A

连…也/都/还

e.g. 他起来晚了,连_早饭(也/都/还)_没吃就去上课了。

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27
Q

v. gâi V

change

A

改 V

e.g. 后来人们把唐人街_改叫_做中国成了。

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28
Q

conj. zhîyôu…cái

only when; not until (only condition)

A

只有…才

e.g. _只有_没钱的时候,我_才_想家。

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29
Q

conj. zhîyào…jiù

only when; not until (necessary condition or minimum requirement)

A

只要…就

e.g. _只要_体育好_就_可以上好大学。

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30
Q

prep. zhìyú

as to; as for

A

至于

e.g. _至于_他们的婚姻幸福不幸福,没有人去想这件事。

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31
Q

phr. (shíjiān) lái

indicates the period of time up to a particular moment

A

(时间) 来

e. g. 这两年来,我看了不少中国电影。
e. g. 十多天来,我一直觉得不舒服。

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32
Q

adv. yuèláiyuè

the more…, the more…

A

越来越

e.g. 我们学的生词_越来越_多。

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33
Q

v. ràng

let; make

A

e.g. _让_所有的人都吃饭。

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34
Q

What’s the difference between 帮助 (bāngzhù) and 帮忙 (bāngmáng)?

A

帮助 can be followed by an object but 帮忙 cannot. Since 帮忙 ends with a noun, it cannot be followed by another noun.帮忙 can also have other words inserted in between.

e. g. 请你_帮助_我做作业。
e. g. 他给了我很大的_帮忙_。
e. g. 他_帮_我了一个_忙_。

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35
Q

conj. huòzhê

or

A

或者

e.g. 在图书馆看书_或者_做作业。

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36
Q

adv. lâoshì

always; at all times

A

老是

e.g. 他上课_老是_迟到。

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37
Q

yóuyú…yīncî/suôyî/yúshì

because, due to…, therefore

A

由于…因此/所以/于是

e.g. 由于_下雨了,(因此/所以/于是)_今天的比赛取消了。

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38
Q

conj. jì…yòu

both … and; as well as

A

既…又

e.g. 学中文_既_要学拼音_又_要学写汉字。

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39
Q

wúlùn…háishì/huòzhê…dōu

no matter how; whether

A

无论…还是/或者…都

e.g. 无论_中国人(还是/或者)_外国人,_都_知道中国的长城。

40
Q

conj. bùguò

but; however

A

不过

e.g. 你说的很对,_不过_我还是有些不相信。

41
Q

adv. yīdiânr (dōu/yê) (bū/méiyôu)

not … at all

A

一点儿 (都/也) (不/没有)

e. g. 这一课的汉子_一点儿都不_难。
e. g. 这个电影_一点儿也没_意思。

42
Q

adv. qiàqiâo

by chance; happen to

A

恰巧

e.g. 他平时学的很好,_恰巧_考试的时候生病了,结果没有考好。

43
Q

adv. zhîhâo

have to (there is no other choice)

A

只好

e.g. 今年考到学没考好,_只好_等到明年了。

44
Q

conj. bùshì…jiùshì

either … or; if not A … then B…

A

不是…就是

e.g. 每天_不是_做习题_就是_背单词。

45
Q

conj. chúle…(yîwài)

apart from

A

除了…(以外)

e. g. 学生们_除了_吃饭睡觉_(以外),其他时间全都用来准备考试。
e. g. 赵小燕_除了_汤姆_以外
,_还_有别的男朋友。

46
Q

adv. què

but

A

e.g. 有人进大学以后_却_不那么用功了。

47
Q

conj. jíshî…yê/háishì

even if

A

即使…(也/还是)

e.g. 即使_给我一百万,我(也/还是)_不和你结婚。

48
Q

What’s the difference between 大都 (dàdōu) and 大多数 (dàduōshù)?

A

大都 is an adverb and can only be followed by a verb, adjective, or 是, but not verbs. 大多数 can be followed by nouns as well. Both mean “most of” or “mostly” (that is, the “majority of”).

e. g. 现在的大学生_大都_是自费的。
e. g. 树上_大多数_的苹果都红了。

49
Q

What’s the difference between 原来 (yuánlái) and 本来 (bênlái)?

A

Both mean “originally” or “essentially,” but 原来 is used to indicate a situation that one didn’t know before and has suddenly become aware of.

e. g. 我_(原来/本来)_想学日文,可是我父母要我学中文。
e. g. 我以为张老师回家了呢,_原来_他还在教室。

50
Q

(zhè/nà)yàng yī lái

in this/that case

A

(这/那)样一来

e. g. 如果不控制人口,人后就会大爆炸。那样一来,人们就会没吃没喝。
e. g. 考大学的人多,录取的人少。这样一来,在中国上大学竞争得就非常厉害。

51
Q

adv. yóuqí

especially

A

尤其

e.g. 许多人不愿意生一个孩子,_尤其_不愿意只生一个女孩子。

52
Q

adv. fēi…(bùkê)

insist on; must; have to

A

非…(不可)

e. g. 他们_非_生第二胎,第三台_不可_。
e. g. 你不让我去,我_非_要去。

53
Q

prep. duìyú

for; to; with regard to

A

对于

e.g. _对于_这个计划生育的政策我不太清楚。

54
Q

yòu…ne?

could it be…? (used to form a rhetorical question)

A

又…呢?

e.g. 只要我们俩又爱情,结婚不结婚_又_有什么关系_呢_?

55
Q

nâlîhái…ne?

how could it be…? (used to form a rhetorical question)

A

哪里还…呢?

e.g. 你不上课不做作业,哪里还_像个学生_呢

56
Q

shòudào

get; receive

A

受到

e.g. 简化字_受到_大家的欢迎。

57
Q

n. môu

some (unspecified); (a) certain

A

e.g. 我知道_某_人拿了我的东西。

58
Q

conj. yî jí

as well as; along with

A

以及

e.g. 开学的时候,我买了电视,电脑_以及_小冰箱。

59
Q

prep. zìcóng

since

A

自从

e.g. _自从_考试得了A以后,他学中文更用功了。

60
Q

What’s the difference between 从前 (cóngqián) and 以前 (yîqián)?

A

Both adverbs are used to indicate time in the past (“before” or “previously”), but 从前 can’t be preceded by time words.

e. g. 他是我_(从前/以前)_的女朋友。
e. g. 他是我两年_以前_的女朋友。

61
Q

prep.

compared with; than

A

e.g. 大学的课_比_中学的难。

62
Q

adv. dàodî / jiū jìng

exactly; after all

A

到底 / 究竟

e.g. 昨天晚上给我打电话的那个男人_(到底/究竟)_是谁?

63
Q

yî shàng/xià

more than/less than

A

以(上/下)

e. g. 现在大学的学费都在三万块钱_以上_。
e. g. 二十一岁_以下_的人不能喝酒。

64
Q

gēnbên

at all; simply

A

根本

e.g. 谁说她是我的女朋友,我_根本_就不认识她。

65
Q

bùguò…bàle

only; just

A

不过…罢了

e.g. 我只_不过_想问一下_罢了_,没有别的意思。

66
Q

yī…jiù

once; as soon as

A

一…就

e.g. 小李很聪明,不管什么东西她_一_学_就_会。

67
Q

jiēguô

as a result; in the end; finally

A

结果

e.g. 老师让他做第五课的作业,_结果_他做的是第六课的作业。

68
Q

biàn

then

A

便

e.g. 他一上床_便_睡着了。

69
Q
  • yîzhì(yú)*
    so. .. that…; as a result
A

以至(于)

e.g. 上课的时候老师讲的真没有意思,_以至(于)_很多同学都睡着了。

70
Q

nòng/gâo

do; make

A

弄/搞

e. g. 你一不注意就会_弄_错。
e. g. 找一个_搞_音乐的人来整理音乐。

71
Q

v. zhî

refer to; mean

A

e.g. 大家说一个人好不好,主要是_指_他的心好不好。

72
Q

prep. gēn jù

according to

A

根据

e.g. _根据_大家的要求,明天的考试可以带字典。

73
Q

mêidāng

when; whenever; every time

A

每当

e.g. _每当_快要考试的时候,他就去借别人的笔记。

74
Q

bùjîn…érqiê/yê/hái

not only…, but also

A

不仅…(而且/也/还)

e.g. 中文字_不仅_难认_(而且/也/还)_难念。

75
Q

tóu

first

A

e.g. 新年的_头_一天是大年初一。

76
Q

conj. ér

but

A

e.g. 简体字有简体字的好处,_而_繁体字有繁体字的好处。

77
Q

What’s the difference between 据说 (jùshuō) and 听说 (tīngshuō)?

A

They’re both used the same, but 据说 can’t be used after the subject in a sentence.

e. g. _据说_过年的习俗早就有了。
e. g. 我_听说_小张的女朋友很漂亮。

78
Q

V yú

from; in

A

V 于

e. g. 中国的情人节来源_于_一个美丽动人的传说。
e. g. 我毕业_于_北京大学。

79
Q

V bù/de qi

canot V, can V

A

V (不/得) 起

e. g. 大学的学费这么高,我爸爸说他付_不起_。
e. g. 这条裙子跟便宜,我买_得起_。

80
Q

prep. chèn

while

A

e.g. _趁_着放假的时候,我去了北京和上海。

81
Q

adv. yân kàn

soon; in a moment

A

眼看

e.g. _眼看_就要毕业了。

82
Q

prep. wâng

toward

A

e.g. _往_前看,前面就是你的宿舍。

83
Q

pn. zhème

such; so

A

这么

e.g. 我没有想到中文_这么_容易。

84
Q

xiāng V

V each other

A

相 V

e. g. 我们_相爱_很久了。
e. g. 牛郎带着孩子和织女在鹊桥上_相会_。

85
Q

What’s the difference between 差不多 (chàbuduō) and 几乎 (jīhū)?

A

Both mean “almost” or “nearly,” but 差不多 can also be used as an adjective to answer a question independently and can occur at the end of a sentence.

e. g. 老师讲的我_(差不多/几乎)都懂了。
e. g. 我们俩的中文水平_差不多

86
Q

adv. fánshì

every; all; any

A

凡是

e.g. _凡是_男人能做的事情,女人都可以做。

87
Q

v. kān

look after; take care of

A

e.g. _看_住它,别让它跑出去。

88
Q

zài… yê

even if; even though

A

再…也

e.g. 他_再_吃_也_吃不胖。

89
Q

adv. fânzhèng

anyway; anyhow

A

反正

e.g. 不管他是好人还是坏人,_反正_我要跟他结婚。

90
Q

yóuyú…yuángù

due to; as a result of

A

由于…缘故

e.g. 由于_他常常不来上课的_缘故,所以有些问题他一点儿都不懂。

91
Q

What’s the difference between 从来 (cónglái) and 一直 (yīzhí)?

A

They’re interchangeable when they indicate a continuous action from the past up to the present. However, for short periods of time only 一直 and 从来 is more often used in negative sentences.

e. g. 他_(一直/从来)_就是这样对人没有礼貌。
e. g. 今天早上我_一直_在复习呢。
e. g. 你为什么_从来_不吃蔬菜呢?

92
Q

adv. fân’ér

on the contrary; instead

A

反而

e.g. 我帮他做作业,他不但不感谢我,_反而_生我的气。

93
Q

bâ… V zài… shàng

V… on…

A

把…V在…上

e.g. 我们_把_钱花_在_孩子身_上_。

94
Q

V lái V qù

an action occuring repeatedly

A

V来V去

e.g. 这本书他看_来_看_去_,也不明白书里讲的是什么。

95
Q

ADJ qîlai

the degree of the state described by the adjective is increasing

A

ADJ起来

e.g. 秋天来了,天气冷_起来_了。

96
Q

bùzài…le

not anymore; no longer

A

不再…了

e.g. 自从上次他骂了我以后,我_不再_理他_了_。