考官提问 Flashcards

1
Q

白前 vs 前胡?

A

白前与前胡,均能降气化痰,治疗肺气上逆,咳喘痰多,常相须为用。

白前: 性温,祛痰作用较强,多用于内伤寒痰咳喘;

前胡: 性偏寒,兼能疏散风热,尤多用于外感风热或痰热咳喘。

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2
Q

地龙有什么作用?用量?

A

作用:清热化痰定喘

用量:4.5~9g;研末吞服则每次1~2g

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3
Q

三子养亲汤现代用法?

A

三药(紫苏子、莱菔子、白芥子)微炒,捣碎,布包,微煮,频服。

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4
Q

柴胡用法用量?

A

3~9g
解表退热:生用,量稍重。
疏肝解郁:醋炙,6g
升阳:生用或酒炙,量稍轻。

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5
Q

郁证(肝气化火),如果有肝火反胃,如嘈杂、吐酸,可以合什么方?

A

左金丸(classic 方)

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6
Q

黄连用量?

A

2~5g

⚠️本品大苦大寒,过服久服易伤脾胃,脾胃虚寒者忌用;苦燥易伤津液,阴虚津伤者慎用。

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7
Q

龙胆草用量?

A

3~6g

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8
Q

石膏用量?

A

15~60g
宜先煎。煅石膏适量外用,研末撒敷患处。

⚠️脾胃虚寒及阴虚内热者忌用。

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9
Q

薄荷用量?

A

3~6g
宜后下。🍃长于发汗解表,梗长于行气和中。

⚠️本品芳香辛散,发汗耗气,体虚多汗者不宜使用。

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10
Q

黄芪用量?

A

9~30g

蜜炙可增强其补中益气作用。

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11
Q

麻黄用量?

A

2~9g

生用:发汗;炙用:止咳平喘。

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12
Q

金匮肾气丸,其用附子与肉桂or桂枝的用量?

A

3g

“阴中求阳,少火生气”

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13
Q

山楂用量?

A

10~15g,大剂量30g
生/炒用:消食散瘀
焦/炭用:止泻痢

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14
Q

干姜用量?

A

3~10g

⚠️禁忌证:阴虚火旺,血热妄行

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15
Q

蝉蜕用量?

A

3~10g
或单味研末冲服。一般病证用量宜小;止痉则需大量。
《名医别录》有“主妇人生子不下”的记载,故孕妇当慎用。

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16
Q

川牛膝 vs 怀牛膝 区别?

A

川牛膝(活血化瘀为主)

怀牛膝(补益肝肾为主)

17
Q

麝香用法?

A

入丸散: 量0.06~0.1g。
外用适量。
不宜入煎剂。