关于工艺

Question 1

Cutting 和 layering
为了？
用在哪里？
做法？
目前倾向于用哪种，为什么

Answer 1

目的：preserve the unique qualities of a variety

倾向于：cutting (Due to the risk of phylloxera)

Cutting: （commercial nurseries）that sell vines to growers
A section of a vine shoot that is planted and then grows as a new plant

Layering: (take place in vineyard)
A cane is bent down and a section of it is buried in the ground->
The cane tip points upwards out of the ground->
The buried section takes root, once the roots are established ->
Cut the cane that linking the new growth and the original plant

Question 2

Clone和variety的关系
clone品种怎么得来
clone品种如何定义

Answer 2

clonal selection:
Positive mutation-> better quality fruit OR better disease resistance
-> selected for further propagation by layering/cutting

=> 得到clone品种
Shows a particular set of unique characteristics

Question 3

cross-fertilisation

用于___。

Answer 3

create new grape varieties in controlled conditions.

Question 4

寻找新品种是为了哪些方面的进步？(3)

Answer 4

1. better able to thrive in certain climates and soil conditions
2. Improve disease resistance
3. Deliver a higher quality or quantity of grapes

Question 5

crossings 和 hybrids

1. 目的
2. 做法（定义）
3. 举例

Answer 5

目的： create new variety

crossing：用same species做parents （都是V.vinifera）
这个名词常指研究者培育的新品种
比如：
Müller Thurgau (Riesling X Madeleine Royale)
Pinotage (Pinot Noir X Cinsault)

Hybrids
父母至少有一方为American vine
American vine很少用于酿酒，所以它的hybrid也很少用，一般都是用于rootstock
但是例外有：
Vidal （Canada）

Question 6

rootstocks的益处

Answer 6

offers the protection of the American vine and the flavour of the European vine.

• resistance to Phylloxera
  还有很多其它好处，所以人们培育更多hybrids作rootstock
• can be used to protect against nematodes
• provide better resistance to drought conditions
  所以即使phylloxera不严重的地方也会用rootstock

Question 7

grafting是什么

两种方式，目前常用的是？

Answer 7

a technique used to join a rootstock to a V.vinifera variety

• bench grafting (specialist plant nurseries) joined together by machine
• head grafting(grape grower) 3年后才能有commercial crop产出

Question 8

预防冰雹（2）

Answer 8

netting

owning several vineyard sites in different locations

Question 9

Irrigation techniques:(3)

Answer 9

Drip irrigation
Sprinklers
Flood irrigation

Question 10

Sunlight hazard的应对管理用什么方法

Answer 10

canopy management

Question 11

冬天过冬保护graft的方法

Answer 11

earthing up

In area at risk from winter freeze, earth can be used to cover up and protect the graft

Question 12

Spring frosts的应对：(4)

Answer 12

1. Heaters
2. Sprinklers
3. Wind machines
4. Thoughtful vineyard design

Question 13

Waterlogged soil can be avoided by (2)

Answer 13

1. Planting vines on a slope or on flat sites

2. Installing drainage pipes to aid the flow of water away from the roots.

Question 14

Chlorosis的应对

Answer 14

Using an appropriate fertilizer