النهاية Flashcards
1
Q
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وبه نستعين
1 Spetum secundum
A
2 superior vena cava
3 left atrium
2
Q
4 left atrium
A
5 left ventricle
6 moderator band
3
Q
7 transmit blood from ventricle to arterial trunk
8 vein and venules
A
9 prevent eversion
4
Q
10 gap junction
11 increase norepinephrine
12 av nodal fibers
A
13 phase 3
14 increase potassium permabelity
15 sa node
5
Q
16 ejection fraction = 40
17 ischemic heart diseases
18 0.6
A
9 ventricula tachycardia with AF
20 marked decrease in conduction
21 amiodarone
6
Q
22 diuretics
23 fursemide
24 fatty acid oxidation
A
25 ketone bodies
26 consume atp to activate fatty acid
27. GLUT4
7
Q
- more atp by substrate level phosphorylation
29 lactate
30 depolariztim reach myofibril through t tubules
A
31 isovulometric contraction phase
32 open semilunar valve
33 1st degree heart block
8
Q
34 tricuspid stenosis
35 preload phenomenon
36 decrease esv
A
37 increase edv
38 intravenous indwelling catheter
39 fibrenoid necrosis
9
Q
40 amyloidosis/constrective
41 terminal neoplasm
42 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A
40 amyloidosis/constrective
41 terminal neoplasm
42 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
10
Q
46 prophylaxis in arf
47 reduce mortality
48 renal impairment
A
49 atropine
50 high dose spironolactone
51 axillary vain
11
Q
52 femoral vein
53 right 1st intercostal space
54 posterior tibial artery
A
55 costocervical
56 c3 c4
57 skeletal muscle
12
Q
58 modified cardiac muscle
59 adenosine
60 hyperkalemia and acidosis
A
Hyperkalemia and Acidosis
Common Adverse effectsمشترك بينهم for (indirect and direct K+ sparing diuretics ) e.g. spironolactone &triamterene
Or
the indications of loop thiazaides include hyperkalemia and acidosis
13
Q
:Base of the heart is mainly formed by the
A
Left atrium
14
Q
Semilunar valves(A/P):
A
Transmits blood from ventricles to Arterial trunk
15
Q
36)cardiac reserve mechanism: dec ESV
A
37 )what increases cardiac output: inc EDV
16
Q
43)The Urine of patient taking thiazides which of the following can’t excess in large amount?
Calcium
A
Neoplasms in the anterior part of the esophagus will affect :
Left atriumتقريبا الاجابة كانت
17
Q
46) An indication for mannitol:
A
Prophylaxis in ARF
18
Q
22)Marked dec in conduction in fast fibers»_space;
A
propafenone
19
Q
SVC
س
A
SVC
Present in superior and middle mediastinum
20
Q
)Left ventricle»_space;
A
can be found in 5th intercostal space
سال على الapex بس بطريقة غير مباشرة
21
Q
Gap junctions
A
> transfer electric impulses
22
Q
)chlorothiazide is used in case of
A
refractoriness to loop diuretics
23
Q
48)Renal impairment
Contraindication
A
ليها ان نندي thiazaide
24
Q
Captopril>
A
رر reduces mortality
25
Which of the following is true about procainamide>>
رVT with AF
26
Lactate>>
لما يحصل ischemia في القلب
27
21)amiodarone>>
thyroid function test
28
Atropine>>
management of digoxin induced bradycardia
29
Anterior aspect of esophagus >
left atrium
30
slowest conduction>
>AV nodal fibers
31
15)Absence of p wave indicates Damage
of: SAN
32
function of chordae tendeni>
ر prevent eversion of AV cusps
33
ECG analysis
ممكن يوريني
Ischemic heart diseases
سطرين محدش بيقراهم تقريبا موجودين عن اهمية الecg ابقوا اقروهم
34
he following is predisposing factor for digoxin toxicity :
Renal impairment
| Using of sympathomimetic
35
55)costocervical>>
ر2nd part of subclavian branch
36
34) tricuspid stenosis >
Diastolic murmur
37
)inc NE :
affects SAN inc its discharge Inc HR
38
parasympathetic effect on SAN inc
K+ permeability
39
)terminal neoplasm>
رthrombotic non bacterial endocarditis
40
High dose spironolactone>>
Edema of liver cell failure
41
)cathetar> الstaph epidermidis بتدخل ازاي
vبيبقى عن طريق القسطرة
42
60 years old, COP = 4200 ml, HR = 70 bpm, EDV = 150 ml, Ejection Fraction of left ventricle: 40%
fursemide >>
| تقريباً ال hyponatremia in excess AD
43
ood evening, dear all
بعد التواصل مع منسقين الكارديو بخصوص سؤال الباثولوجي :
A 59 year old male has had decreasing exercise tolerance for several years and decrease in cardiac output with diminished diastolic filling on echo does not appear to be hypertrophied or dilated.
سيتم احتساب اجابتين صحيحتين
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Amyloidosis
.the coronary sinus is formed of?
| 👉🏻.left horn and body of sinus venosus
44
2.مش فاكرين السؤال بالظبط ولكن راجعوا الstructure الموجودة في الsup. Mediastinum
👉🏻.Superior mediastinum
3.what lies posterior to (makes the posterior boundary) transverse sinus ?
👉🏻.Left atrium
45
4.what makes the base of the heart?
| 👉🏻.Left atrium
5. Which valve is at 3rd left costal cartilage ?
| 👉🏻Pulmonary
46
⭕️6.place of the SAN
| 👉🏻.Upper anterior lateral wall of the right atrium
⭕️7.place of the apex of the heart
| 👉🏻.Lt 5th space
47
8.histo question تقريبا بيتكلم عن الpurkiniji fibers
| 👉🏻.Modified cardiac muscle
v9.drug that causes systemic lupus like adverse effects?
| 👉🏻.Procenamide
48
10.مش فاكرين بردو السؤال ولكن راجعوا الlidocane كله كويس لانه جيه منه اكتر من سؤال
👉🏻.Lidocaine
⭕️11.one of the following is true about lidocane
| 👉🏻.taken Intravenous
49
⭕️12.one test that's needed with giving amiodarone ?
| 👉🏻.Thyroid function
3.which of the following is not used by the cardiac muscle as a source of fuel ?
👉🏻.Cholesterol
50
14.Case about rheumatic fever and asks about it's cause ?
| 👉🏻.Antibody against m protein
15.what causes infection by strept.viridans ?
(مش هتنفع اجابة ال contamainted dental instruments لانه السبب هو انه البكتيريا اوردى بتكون موجودة ف الفم و بتدخل عالدم لما بيكون في جرح )
👉🏻Commensal of buccal cavity
51
16.Case pathology : woman died and on examination we found shortening of chorda tendini وand partially fused mitral valve?
👉🏻.Rhatic fever
⭕️17.case pathology patient having a pancreatic mass (tumor that causes hypercoagulbility and non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis)
👉🏻.Non bacterial endocarditis
52
⭕️18.Case about interstial myocarditis ? (راجع الميكروسكوبك بتاعه صفحة 157 بالكتاب )
👉🏻.Coxacie b virus
19.pharma: which of the following is used in edema of liver failure (revise indication of loop )
👉🏻.Frusemide
53
20.thiazides and loop differ in what?
| 👉🏻Effect on calcium
21.which thiazide is used in renal insufficency
| 👉🏻.Metolazone
54
23.question about spirnolactone:
| 👉🏻.Prevent hypokalemia
24.the difference bt ACEI & ARABs is?
| 👉🏻.Dry cough
55
25.السؤال مش متذكرينه بالظبط و لكن تقريبا عن الindications بتاعته ..راجعوها كويس
👉🏻.Na nitroprusside
1. left horn and body of sinus venousus
2. Superior mediastinum
3. Left atrium
4. Left atrium
56
5. Pulmonary
6. Upper anterior lateral wall of the right atrium
7. Lt 5th space
8. Modified cardiac muscle
9. Procenamide
10. Lidocaine
57
8. Modified cardiac muscle
9. Procenamide
10. Lidocaine
14. Antibody against m protein
15. Commensal of buccal cavity
16. Rheumatic fever
58
17. Non bacterial endocarditis
18. Coxacie b virus
19. Frusemide
20. Effect on calcium
21. Metolazone
22. Edema of renal empairment
59
23. Prevent hypokalemia
24. Dry cough
25. Na nitroprusside
22)Edema in Renal impairment >>#Contraindication to it Thiazaides
60
```
بتتاخد حقن IV😅😅
AdEL(mnemonic 😅) نحفظ ايفيه
Adenosine
Esmolol
Lidocaine
```
20)Thiazaides and Loop diuretics are opposite to each other on their effect on Ca++
61
13)Cholesterol isn’t used by the heart القلب مش بيستخدمه
8)endocardium & epicardium one of there characteristics is being a modified cardiac muscle
Histo تقريبا
Keep it in mind till I’m sure of this one 😅
62
Captopril (ACEI)maybe associated with Dry cough
| This is not found with losatran (ARBS)
Repolarization of Papillary muscle and purkinje fibers is represented by U wave
63
Voltage of R wave in Lead II = 1 mv, Voltage of R wave in Lead I = 0.4 mv, Voltage of R wave in Lead III = 0.6 mv
Which event occurs after AV valve closure: Isovolumetric contraction phase
64
Aortic pressure reaches its maximum in Maximum ejection phase
No P wave, there is block in SA node
65
Ventricle volume is constant in Isovolumetric relaxation phase
RMP of ventricular myocardium is -90 mv
66
Pacemaker potential involves progressive decrease in outward K current
Atrial conduction is completed in 0.1 second (نقصد بها P wave Duration)
67
ESV is reached at the end of
Reduced ejection phase
68
SV of left ventricle is decreased by Increase Mean Arterial pressure (نقصد بها Afterload)
Heterometric regulation of COP is preload phenomena
69
Sympathetic stimulation increases COP by increasing ventricular Contractility
VCOP = 3.5 L
70
A V difference = 20-12= 8 ml Oxygen/100ml = 80 ml O2/1LDescending curve of Starling law: Disruption of myocardial fibers
Descending curve of Starling law: Disruption of myocardial fibers
71
16) capillaries:slowest blood flow
17) secreat fluid for lubrication function of pericardium
72
1-P wave absent in?
| 1- SA nodal Block.
2- Continution of IJV?
| 2- Sigmoid Sinus.
73
3- rupture of spetum make foramen secondum?
| 3- Septum Primum.
4- Thiazide, Fursomide opposite in excretion of?
| 4- Ca.
74
5- NSAID interact effect of loop diuretic?
| 5- Through their PG effect.
6-Lidocaine?
| 6- Ventricular Arrythmia.
75
7- Digoxin?
7- Gynecomastia.
8-Amoidarone?
8- Monitor Thyroid Function.
9-Spasdic contraction?
| 9- Increase Ca.
76
10- In renal impairment?
| 10- Fibrnous.
11- Mainly Diaphragmatic surface?
| 11- Left ventricle.
77
12- Seen Only in Rt.Ventricle?
| 12- Moderator Band
13- Occlusion of Right coronary artery effect?
| 13- SA node.
78
14- Wound stap in SVC?
| 14- Right 1st Intercostal space.
15- Anterior of Transverse pericardial sinus?
| 15- Pulmonary trunk.
79
16-T tubule?
| 16- Encircle the indviual myofirbli in transverse plane.
17- Compliance?
| 17-Change in Volume per change in pressure.
80
18- Av node?
| 18- "40-60" bpm.
19- Increase COP?
| 19- Increase EDV.
81
19- Increase COP?
| 19- Increase EDV.
21- Ancrotic limb?
| 21- Rapid Ejection
82
22- p wave occur befor?
| 22- Atrial systole.
23- Glucose transport?
| 23- GLUT4..
83
24- Purkinje fibers at end phase 3?
| 24- Super normal excitapility.
25- Only connection between Atria and Ventricles?
| 25- AV bundle.
84
26- In Normal ECG?
| 26- QRS shorter than P wave.
27- Rapid filling phase?
| 27- Increase Ventricular volume.
85
28- Rhumatic Fever?
| 28- Molecular mimcry between Antigen and Cardiac muscle.
29- Drug used in pulmonary congestion and Acute Heart failure?
29- Furosemide.
86
30- B-Blocker in heart failure?
| 30- Decrease Cardic remodeling.
31-Osmotic Diuretic?
| 31- Acute Congestive Glucoma.
87
32- Predosposing factor Infective endocarditis?
| 32- Intravenous Drug ause.
33- Atrial depolrization?
| 33- P wave.
88
A 66-year-old man has had progressive malaise over the last year. Clinical examination on auscultation revealed friction rub. Lab investigations revealed decreased renal function. What is the type of pericarditis he is most likely to have? A: Fibrinous???
. A stab wound injury to SVC could be in: Right 1st intercostal space.
89
Occlusion of right coronary artery will affect: SAN.
Occlusion of right coronary artery will affect: SAN.
90
Digoxin adverse effect: Gynecomastia.
Internal jugular vein is a continuation of: Sigmoid sinus.
Foramen secundum is formed by rupturing of: Septum primum.
The transverse pericardial sinus is posterior to: Pulmonary trunk.
The diaphragmatic surface of the heart is formed mainly by the: Left ventricle.
The T-tubules are: Invaginations of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm as fine tubules that encircle the individual myofibrils in transverse planes.
Compliance is: The volume change per unit pressure.
Glucose transporter in cardiac myocyte: GLUT-4.
91
Glucose transporter in cardiac myocyte: GLUT-4.
P wave precedes: Atrial systole.
Rapid filling phase: Ventricular volume is increasing.
CO relation to HR: CO increases as HR increases unless going higher than 180 mmHg.
infective endocarditis: IV drug abuse.
92
Mannitol: Acute congestive glaucoma.
| Drug of choice in heart failure with pulmonary congestion: Frusemide.
1/Glucoma
- indication for acetazelomide
2/Right pulmonary trunk
- posterior to ascending aorta and svc
93
3/Peak of muscle contraction
20msec last one third plataue
4/ velocity of blood in Capillaries
0.1msec
5/Indication of thiazide
Hypercalcureia
6/How does thiazide primarily increase K excretion
Reab of Na in exchange with K
94
7/Structure of sER
Sarcotubules and terminal cisterna
8/mechanism of cardiac reserve
Dec ESV
9/receptor by which sympathetic inc HR
B1
10/Gap junctions
Low electric resistance
95
11/Case: fever/high BP/murmur what else to be found
Valve vegetation
12/Digoxin
Bradycardia
13/Effect of procainamide
Prolong Qt interval
14/spironolactone in heart failure
Dec remodeling
96
15/duration of QRS
0.04:0.08
16/crista terminalis found in
Rt atrium
17/fate of left common cardinal
Oblique vein
18/EJV ends in
Subclavian
97
19/Cardiac fuel in starvation and uncontrolled DM
Ketone bodies
20/structure adherent to fibrous pericardium
Phrenic nerve
21/rapid filling phase
3rd heart sound
22/prolonged a-c interval
1st degree heartblock
98
23/Repolarization in slow fibres
Inc K efflux
24/What to be found in ecg?
Ischemic changes
25/heterometric mechanism
Preload
26/Sv=Edv-ESV
99
27/ ACEI can cause
Hyperkalemia
28/cause of RH fever
Complication of Streptococcal group A
29/Suppurative pericarditis all except
ends With resolution
30/braches of right coronary all except
Ant interventricular
100
31/vein running in post interventricular groove
Middle cardiac vien
32/chronic use of amiodarone
Long half time
33/voltage used by cardioversion to terminate VF
| 2000-3000 volt
101
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