اسئلة عشوائية التشابتر السابع والثامن Flashcards
In quantum theory, each electron in an atom is assigned a set of
four quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms)
Three of the quantum numbers give the
location of the electron
The fourth quantum number gives
the orientation of the electron within the orbital
n = 1, l = 0
l = 0 is
s orbital
n = 2, l = 0 or 1
l = 1
p orbital
n = 3, l = 0, 1, or 2
l = 2
d orbital
n=4,l=0,1,2,or3
l=3
f orbital
Quantum number ml
for a given value of l
ml = -l, …., 0, …. +l
ms = +1/2
Up
Ms = -1/2
Down
Existence (and energy) of electron in atom is described by
unique wave function y.
How many electrons can an orbital hold?
If n, l, and ml are fixed, then ms = 1⁄2 or - 1⁄2y=(n,l,ml,1⁄2) ory=(n,l,ml,-1⁄2)
An orbital can hold 2 electrons
Energy of orbitals in a single electron atom depends on
principal quantum number n
Energy of orbitals in a multi-electron atom Energy depends on
n and l
Order of Orbitals (filling) in Multi-electron Atom
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s
Atoms lose electrons so that …. has a noble gas outer electron configuration
Cation
Atoms gain electron so that … has a noble gas outer electron configuration
Anion
Cation and anions of representative elements
1A , 2A , 3A , 5A, 6A, 7A
1A = +1
2A = +2
3A = +3
5A = -3
6A = -2
7A = -1
What neutral atom is isoelectronic with H-
same electron configuration as He 1s2
When a cation is formed from an atom of a transition meta
electrons are always removed first from the ns orbital and then from the (n – 1)d orbitals.
first ionization energy
I1
second ionization energy
I2
third ionization energy
I3
ionization energy power rule
I1 < I2 < I3
