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!HSC - Chemistry > >.< > Flashcards

>.< Flashcards

1
Q

Colour of Litmus in an acidic solution

A

Red

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2
Q

Colour of Litmus in a basic solution

A

Blue

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3
Q

Colour of Universal Indicator [Increasing pH]

A

Red — Purple

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4
Q

pH Colour Range of Phenolphthalein

A

Colourless - Pink; Colour Change [8.3 - 10]

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5
Q

pH Colour Range of Methyl Orange

A

Red - Yellow; colour change [3.1 - 4.4]

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6
Q

pH Colour Range of Bromothymol Blue

A

Yellow - (Green) - Blue; colour change [6.0 - 7.6]

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7
Q

Describe the detoxification process of the cycad

A

The seeds of the cycad are toxic and carcinogenic, thus:

Anaerobic Fermentation and Leaching:
Fermentation involves soaking and burning the plant to fully ripen.
Leaching involves placing the cycad seeds in dilly bags and dissolve the water-soluble toxins under running water. Still water is not used as the toxins are not fully soluble

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8
Q

Describe a natural buffer system

A

Seawater has a buffer system involving carbonic acid and hydrogen carbonate.

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9
Q

Describe the Indigenous treatment of acids and bases

A

Clay and ochre were dried and crushed before adding water to form a paste, applied to the skin or ingested.

Clay is a detoxifying agent that neutralises excess acid in the stomach, relieving stomach pains

Aluminium

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10
Q

Chemical Makeup of Complex Ions

A

Transitional Metal + Ligand Molecule/Ion

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11
Q

Common Examples of Ligands

A

Water, Ammonia, Chloride, Hydroxide

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12
Q

Purpose of the Ligand in a Complex Ion

A

Ligands act as an electron donor

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13
Q

Formal Term for the bond between the transitional metal and the ligand

A

Coordinate covalent bond

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14
Q

Recall the general solubility rules

A

SNAAP + Group 1 metals:
Sodium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Acetate
Potassium

Exception: Lithium Phosphate

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15
Q

Neutralisation in Industry

A

Sodium Carbonate is used to neutralise acid spills and acidic wastage to minimise environmental damage; weak bases are used as exothermic.

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16
Q

57

A

57

17
Q

Limitations of pH indicators

A

Limitations:
- The substance must be in solution or gaseous; can only measure moisture
- Destroys sample
- Slightly acidic
- Qualitative not quantitative
- Solution must be colourless/ transparent or translucent or will distort results
- Affected by temperature

18
Q

Environmental monitoring

A

Quality of
- Air
- Soil
- Water

Heavy Metals + Trace Elements

19
Q

Flame Colour of Barium Ion

A

Pale Green

20
Q

Flame Colour of Calcium Ion

A

Orange-Red

21
Q

Flame Colour of Magnesium Ion

A

No Colour

22
Q

Precipitation Test for Barium Ion

A

Addition of sulfate ion produces a white precipitate

23
Q

Precipitation Test for Calcium Ion

A

Addition of sulfate ion produces a white precipitate

24
Q

Flame Colour of Lead Ion

A

Trick Question; Poisonous as a vapour

25
Q

Precipitation Test for Silver Ion

A

Addition of chloride ion produces a white precipitate
Addition of bromide ion produces a cream precipitate
Addition of an iodide ion produces a yellow precipitate

26
Q

Precipitation Test for Copper Ion

A

Addition of a strong base produces a blue precipitate

27
Q

Flame Colour of Copper Ion

A

Blue-Green

28
Q

Precipitation Test for Iron (II) Ion

A

Addition of a strong base produces a green precipitate

29
Q

Precipitation Test for Iron (III) Ion

A

Addition of a strong base produces a brown precipitate

30
Q

Sequence for testing cations

A

Chloride ions, sulfate ions, hydroxide/base

31
Q

Precipitation Test for Chloride Ion

A

Addition of silver ion produces a white precipitate; decomposes in sunlight

32
Q

Precipitation Test for Bromide Ion

A

Addition of silver ion produce a cream precipitate

33
Q

Precipitation Test for Iodide Ion

A

Addition of silver ion produces a yellow precipitate

34
Q

Precipitation Test for Hydroxide Ion

A

Addition of copper ion produces a blue precipitate
Addition of iron (II) ion produces a green precipitate
Addition of iron (III) ion produces a brown precipitate

Litmus - Blue

35
Q

Test for Acetate Ion

A

Litmus - Red

36
Q

Test for Carbonate Ion

A

Nitric acid; bubbling [limewater test]

37
Q

Precipitation Test for Sulfate Ion

A

In acidic solution, white precipitation with barium

38
Q

Precipitation Test for Phosphate Ion

A

In basic solution, white precipitation with barium

39
Q

Sequence for testing anions

A

Nitric acid, barium, ammonium + barium, silver

!HSC - Chemistry (14 decks)

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