ZTF

Question 1

2 main criteria used in the diagnosis of CKD

Answer 1

eGFR ( < 60)
ACR > 3 mg/mmol

• present for 3 months

Question 2

A score for CKD

Answer 2

A1 < 3 mg/mmol
A2 3-30 mg/mmol
A3 > 30 mg/mmol

Question 3

which patients receive an ACEi in the management of CKD

Answer 3

diabetes + urine ACR > 3 mg
HTN + urine ACR > 30 mg
all patients w urine ACR > 70

Question 4

immunosuppressants used in mx of renal transplant

Answer 4

tacrolimus, mycophenolate, prednisolone

Question 5

cancers caused by immunosuppression

Answer 5

skin : SCC
non Hodgkin’s

Question 6

IgG and complement deposits on the basement membrane

Answer 6

membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 7

common toxins causing acute tubular necrosis

Answer 7

radiology contrast dye, gentamicin, NSAID’s

Question 8

main cause of RTA type 2

Answer 8

Fanconi syndrome

Question 9

RTA type 1, 2 and 3

Answer 9

1 : cant excrete hydrogen
2 : cant reabsorb bicarb
3 : reduced action of aldosterone

Question 10

triad of features in HUS and its management

Answer 10

haemolytic anaemia
low platelet count
AKI

management

anti HTN
blood transfusion
dialysis

Question 11

what are the muscle breakdown products in rhabdomyolysis

Answer 11

myoglobin
potassium
phosphate
CK

Question 12

what can cause a false positive hyperkalaemia

Answer 12

haemolysis

Question 13

what is the associated finding of ADPKD in the brain, colon and heart

Answer 13

brain - cerebral aneurysms
colon- diverticula
heart - valve disease

Question 14

cause of gross haematuria in PKD

Answer 14

cyst rupture

Question 15

signs of CKD

Answer 15

easy bruising
brown discolouration of nails
pallor
oedema

Question 16

principle of haemodialysis

Answer 16

Blood and dialysis fluids flow in opposite directions on either side of a semipermeable membrane and nitrogenous waste is removed

Question 17

sites of hydroxylation of vitamin D

Answer 17

liver and kidney

Question 18

name of bone disease due to CKD

Answer 18

renal osteodystrophy

Question 19

complications of glomerulonephritis

Answer 19

Hyperlipidaemia - treat with a statin
Infections - antibiotics! Pneumococcal vaccination
Thromboembolism - prolonged bed rest ( avoid)

Question 20

dietary advice - glomerulonephritis

Answer 20

low salt, normal protein

Question 21

serum osmolality

Answer 21

(2 x Na + K) + Glucose + Urea (all in mmol/L)