Zootoxins and Illicit substances Flashcards
T/F: Marijuana absorption is increased if it is consumed with a fatty meal.
True
Which receptors does marijuana bind to? Which one is found in the brain and what does effect binding to this receptor have?
CB1 and CB2
CB-1: Alters the activity of various neurotransmitters, affects memory, perception and control of movement
Where in the animal are the toxins associated with toads found?
Parotid glands
Which type of pit viper is the culprit in most dog envenomations?
Copperheads
Which illicit substance is highly plasma bound and undergoes enterohepatic recirculation?
Marijuana
T/F: Alkalinizing the urine increases the renal excretion of amphetamines.
False, acidic urine does.
Which enzyme spreads pit viper venom in the body?
Hyaluronidase
Marijuana contains a resin that causes irritation of ____ and ____.
Muscles
Nerves
What are the clinical signs associated with marijuana toxicity?
CNS depression
Ataxia, incoordination, tremors, weakness, mydriasis, hypothermia
Vomiting
Which neurotransmitters are associated with bufo toad intoxiation?
Catecholamines
Serotonin
What are the non-enzymatic proteins and peptides in pit viper venom called?
Killing fraction
T/F: Bufotenine is a schedule I substance that causes hallucinations and also vasoconstriction.
True
What is organs/body systems are mainly affected by toad intoxication?
Heart
Blood vessels
CNS
T/F: To treat marijuana toxicosis the repeated administration of activated charcoal and a cathartic is indicated.
True
Why might emetics nor be effective in marijuana toxicosis?
THC has an anti-emetic effect
What are the cardioactive steroid toxins that inhibit Na/K ATPase produced by toads?
Bufagenins
Bufotoxins
What is the primary effect of pit viper venom?
Hypocoagulation
Which 2 toxins produced by toads cause hallucinations?
Bufotenine
Indole allylamines
T/F Most toad intoxications occur in the early hours of the morning in the springtime.
False, summer evenings (toads are nocturnal)
What type of coral snake venom can be treated using antivenin?
M. fuluvius, North American coral snake
Which zootoxin is associated with CNS depression, quadripledia with decreased spinal reflexes, respiratory paralysis, hypotension and V-tach in dogs and cats?
Coral snake
What can you administer IV to treat the systemic acidosis caused by cocaine toxicosis?
Sodium bicarb or LRS
Your practice in in southern Texas. L.L. Drool-J presents to you with brick-red mucus membranes, foaming at the mouth, hyperrthermia, tachycardia and is barking and crying. What intoxication do you suspect and how was the toxin absorbed? How will you treat L.L.?
Toad intoxication
Absorbed from the mucus membranes
Flush the mouth, give activated charcoal.
When pit viper venom causes cell membrane disruption and the uncoupling of phosphorylation, vasoactive amines are released via what enzyme?
Phospholipase A2
What local tissue reactions are associated with pit viper envenomation?
Bleeding, swelling, edema, ecchymosis, petechia, +/- necrosis
Which pain medication should you avoid when treating pit viper envenomation?
Morphine
T/F: Steroids and NSAIDs are not indicated in the treatment of pit viper envenomation.
True.
T/F Most pit viper envenomations occur between April and October.
True, 90%
Your client calls you freaking out because Fopdoodle, per precious poodle, has been bitten by a rattlesnake on the paw. You tell her to bring Fopdoodle in as soon as possible. What else do you advise? What is the first thing you will do when Fopdoodle arrives?
Keep calm
Keep the bitten paw below the heart
Place an IV catheter
T/F: Antivenin is a polyvalent croatalid immune fab that can be used to treat rattlesnake envenomation.
True .
Which zootoxin is associated with elevated fibrinogen and CK?
Coral snake venom
What systems may fail after pit viper envenomation?
Liver and renal
The canine rattlesnake vaccine protects against all rattlesnake species venom except which one?
Mojave
Your patient, Pickles the dog, presents with circling, tremors and seizures, as well as hypersalivation, hyperthermia and mydriasis. Pickle’s mom thinks he may have gotten into some of her son’s medication. What do you suspect and how will you treat it?
Amphetamine toxicosis
Induce emesis
Give activated charcoal (repeated doses if the drug is sustained-release)
Give phenothiazine derivatives IV
Ammonium chloride to acidify the urine
Cocaine toxicosis causes degeneration of which muscle?
Myocardium/heart
What toxicosis is associated with a block of the reupake of norepinephrine and dopamine resulting in CNS stimulation and is also an excitatory receptor agonist for dopamine?
Amphetamine
What alkaloid from leaves of Erythroxylon coca or Erythroxylon monogynum is a sympathomimetic that directly effects the myocardium?
Cocaine
What treatment is counter-indicated in the treatment of cocaine toxicosis? Why?
Inducing emesis
May trigger seizures
T/F Broad spectrum antibiotics are indicated in the treatment of pit viper envenomation.
True
