Zoonotics, Spirochetes, Atypical

Question 1

How is brucella species transmitted to humans

Answer 1

ingestion of infected milk, direct contact with infected tissue

Question 2

Pattern of fever in brucellosis

Answer 2

Undulating / Malta fever

Question 3

Most pathogenic brucella species and associated animal

Answer 3

Brucella melitensis - small ruminants (sheep, goats)

Question 4

Types of tularemia

Answer 4

Ulceroglandular, pneumonia-like, typhoidal

Question 5

Vector of francisella tularensis

Answer 5

Tick (Dermacentor occidentalis) or deer fly, pacific coast tick

Question 6

Causative agent of black plague

Answer 6

Yersinia pestis

Question 7

Vector of Yersinia

Answer 7

flea

Question 8

Characteristic appearance of Yersinia on Wayson stain

Answer 8

Safety pin appearance due to polarity of dye on both ends

Question 9

What causes yersinia to evade phagocytosis

Answer 9

F1 antigen or capsular antigen

Question 10

What causes yersiniosis

Answer 10

Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 11

Why does yersiniosis mimic acute AP

Answer 11

Inflammation of mesenteric lymph nodes near appendix

Question 12

Causes wound infections following dog or cat bites

Answer 12

Pasteurella multicoda

Question 13

Feature of primary syphilis

Answer 13

Painless chancre at inoculation site

Question 14

Timing of secondary syphilis

Answer 14

4-8 weeks after appearance of primary chancre

Question 15

Big rashes in secondary syphilis

Answer 15

Condyloma lata

Question 16

Lesions in benign tertiary syphilis

Answer 16

Gummatous lesions

Question 17

Cardiovascular manifestations of tertiary syphilis

Answer 17

Aortitis (at vasa vasorum of ascending aorta), coronary arteritis

Question 18

Neurologic complication of tertiary syphilis affecting post column of spinal cord

Answer 18

Tabes dorsalis

Question 19

Characteristic of Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 19

accomodation reflex is present, pupillary reflex is absent

Question 20

Source of specimen for dark field microscopy for diagnosing syphilis

Answer 20

chancre / condyloma latum

Question 21

What do nontreponemal tests detect

Answer 21

antibodies against cardiolipin-lecithin-cholesterol complex

Question 22

False positives for VDRL

Answer 22

Viral infections
Drugs
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus

Pregnancy

Question 23

Why are nontreponemal tests used for monitoring treatment

Answer 23

They become negative after treatment

Question 24

More sensitive among the nontreponemal tests

Answer 24

RPR

Question 25

Treponemal-specific tests

Answer 25

EIA TPHA FTA-Abs

Question 26

Occurrence of systemic symptoms due to lysis of bacteria//treponemes

Answer 26

Jarisch-Herxheimer

Question 27

Fever pattern of borrelia recurrentis

Answer 27

Relapsing/recurrent fever

Question 28

Vector of borrelia recurrentis

Answer 28

Human body louse

Question 29

Vector of lyme disease

Answer 29

Tick

Question 30

Causative agent of lyme disease

Answer 30

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 31

Lesion caused by outward migration of spirochetes in skin

Answer 31

Target lesion / erythema chronicum migrans

Question 32

Manifestations of lyme disease 1-2 months post bite

Answer 32

cardiac and neurological: AV block, bells palsy, encephalitis

Question 33

Why is there involvement of big muscle groups in leptospirosis

Answer 33

There is increased oxygen tension

Question 34

Where can leptospires be isolated during the leptospiremic or septicemic phase

Answer 34

Blood, CSF

Question 35

What happens in the leptospiuric phase

Answer 35

Clearance of organism in urine

Question 36

Weil syndrome

Answer 36

Hemorrhage, AKI, jaundice

Question 37

Requirement of H. ducreyi for growth

Answer 37

X factor (heme)

Question 38

Bacteria that causes soft chancre (painful genital ulcer)

Answer 38

H. ducreyi

Question 39

Bacteria that lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer 39

M. pneumoniae

Question 40

What does M. pneumoniae cause

Answer 40

Walking pneumonia

Question 41

Treatment for walking pneumonia

Answer 41

Tetracyclines / Macrolides

Question 42

How does Ureaplasma urealyticum cause infertility in males

Answer 42

It attacks the acrosomal cap of sperm cells

Question 43

Cause of non gonococcal urethritis

Answer 43

U. urealyticum Chlamydia

Question 44

Allows chlamydia to enter the cell infectious form

Answer 44

Elementary bodies

Question 45

Non-infectious form of chlamydia; replicates inside the cell

Answer 45

Reticulate bodies

Question 46

Inclusion bodies in trachoma

Answer 46

Halberstaedter Prowazek inclusion bodies

Question 47

What causes blindness in trachoma

Answer 47

Corneal scarring from redirection of lashes

Question 48

Type of chlamydia causing nongonococcal urethritis

Answer 48

types D-K

Question 49

Characteristic cough in neonatal pneumonia caused by chlamydia

Answer 49

Staccato cough

Question 50

Condition caused by chlamydia; inflammation of inguinal LN

Answer 50

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Question 51

What causes groove sign in LGV

Answer 51

Inguinal ligament is not inflamed

Question 52

Vectors of psittacosis

Answer 52

Parrots, parakeets

Question 53

Clinical manifestations of psittacosis

Answer 53

Sudden onset pneumonia Photophobia Severe headache

Question 54

Rickettsiae disease with no vector and no rash

Answer 54

Q fever

Question 55

Serologic test to detect Rickettsiae that involves cross reaction with Proteus

Answer 55

Weil-Felix test

Question 56

Treatment of Rickettsia

Answer 56

Doxycycline

Question 57

Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, with tick as vector

Answer 57

Rocky mountain spotted fever