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MICROBIOLOGY > Zoonotics, Spirochetes, Atypical > Flashcards

Zoonotics, Spirochetes, Atypical Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is brucella species transmitted to humans

A

ingestion of infected milk, direct contact with infected tissue

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2
Q

Pattern of fever in brucellosis

A

Undulating / Malta fever

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3
Q

Most pathogenic brucella species and associated animal

A

Brucella melitensis - small ruminants (sheep, goats)

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4
Q

Types of tularemia

A

Ulceroglandular, pneumonia-like, typhoidal

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5
Q

Vector of francisella tularensis

A

Tick (Dermacentor occidentalis) or deer fly, pacific coast tick

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6
Q

Causative agent of black plague

A

Yersinia pestis

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7
Q

Vector of Yersinia

A

flea

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8
Q

Characteristic appearance of Yersinia on Wayson stain

A

Safety pin appearance due to polarity of dye on both ends

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9
Q

What causes yersinia to evade phagocytosis

A

F1 antigen or capsular antigen

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10
Q

What causes yersiniosis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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11
Q

Why does yersiniosis mimic acute AP

A

Inflammation of mesenteric lymph nodes near appendix

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12
Q

Causes wound infections following dog or cat bites

A

Pasteurella multicoda

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13
Q

Feature of primary syphilis

A

Painless chancre at inoculation site

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14
Q

Timing of secondary syphilis

A

4-8 weeks after appearance of primary chancre

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15
Q

Big rashes in secondary syphilis

A

Condyloma lata

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16
Q

Lesions in benign tertiary syphilis

A

Gummatous lesions

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17
Q

Cardiovascular manifestations of tertiary syphilis

A

Aortitis (at vasa vasorum of ascending aorta), coronary arteritis

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18
Q

Neurologic complication of tertiary syphilis affecting post column of spinal cord

A

Tabes dorsalis

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19
Q

Characteristic of Argyll Robertson pupil

A

accomodation reflex is present, pupillary reflex is absent

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20
Q

Source of specimen for dark field microscopy for diagnosing syphilis

A

chancre / condyloma latum

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21
Q

What do nontreponemal tests detect

A

antibodies against cardiolipin-lecithin-cholesterol complex

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22
Q

False positives for VDRL

A

Viral infections
Drugs
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus

Pregnancy

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23
Q

Why are nontreponemal tests used for monitoring treatment

A

They become negative after treatment

24
Q

More sensitive among the nontreponemal tests

A

RPR

25
Q

Treponemal-specific tests

A

EIA
TPHA
FTA-Abs

26
Q

Occurrence of systemic symptoms due to lysis of bacteria//treponemes

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer

27
Q

Fever pattern of borrelia recurrentis

A

Relapsing/recurrent fever

28
Q

Vector of borrelia recurrentis

A

Human body louse

29
Q

Vector of lyme disease

A

Tick

30
Q

Causative agent of lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

31
Q

Lesion caused by outward migration of spirochetes in skin

A

Target lesion / erythema chronicum migrans

32
Q

Manifestations of lyme disease 1-2 months post bite

A

cardiac and neurological: AV block, bells palsy, encephalitis

33
Q

Why is there involvement of big muscle groups in leptospirosis

A

There is increased oxygen tension

34
Q

Where can leptospires be isolated during the leptospiremic or septicemic phase

A

Blood, CSF

35
Q

What happens in the leptospiuric phase

A

Clearance of organism in urine

36
Q

Weil syndrome

A

Hemorrhage, AKI, jaundice

37
Q

Requirement of H. ducreyi for growth

A

X factor (heme)

38
Q

Bacteria that causes soft chancre (painful genital ulcer)

A

H. ducreyi

39
Q

Bacteria that lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall

A

M. pneumoniae

40
Q

What does M. pneumoniae cause

A

Walking pneumonia

41
Q

Treatment for walking pneumonia

A

Tetracyclines / Macrolides

42
Q

How does Ureaplasma urealyticum cause infertility in males

A

It attacks the acrosomal cap of sperm cells

43
Q

Cause of non gonococcal urethritis

A

U. urealyticum
Chlamydia

44
Q

Allows chlamydia to enter the cell infectious form

A

Elementary bodies

45
Q

Non-infectious form of chlamydia; replicates inside the cell

A

Reticulate bodies

46
Q

Inclusion bodies in trachoma

A

Halberstaedter Prowazek inclusion bodies

47
Q

What causes blindness in trachoma

A

Corneal scarring from redirection of lashes

48
Q

Type of chlamydia causing nongonococcal urethritis

A

types D-K

49
Q

Characteristic cough in neonatal pneumonia caused by chlamydia

A

Staccato cough

50
Q

Condition caused by chlamydia; inflammation of inguinal LN

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

51
Q

What causes groove sign in LGV

A

Inguinal ligament is not inflamed

52
Q

Vectors of psittacosis

A

Parrots, parakeets

53
Q

Clinical manifestations of psittacosis

A

Sudden onset pneumonia
Photophobia
Severe headache

54
Q

Rickettsiae disease with no vector and no rash

A

Q fever

55
Q

Serologic test to detect Rickettsiae that involves cross reaction with Proteus

A

Weil-Felix test

56
Q

Treatment of Rickettsia

A

Doxycycline

57
Q

Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, with tick as vector

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

MICROBIOLOGY (5 decks)

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