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MICROBIOLOGY > Spore formers > Flashcards

Spore formers Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Location of spore in bacillus anthracis

A

Central

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2
Q

Only bacteria with amino acid capsule

A

Bacillus anthracis

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3
Q

Reaction/staining used to identify bacillus anthracis

A

McFadyean reaction

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4
Q

How to identify b. Anthracis in mcfadyean reaction

A

Capsule stains pink (with polychrome methylene blue), and bacilli stains dark blue

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5
Q

Clinical characteristic of cutaneous anthrax

A

Eschar formation with edema

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6
Q

What causes cxr finding of widened mediastinum in woolsorters disease

A

Hemorrhagic mediastinitis (from pulmonary hemorrhage)

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7
Q

Other clinical entities causing pulmonary hemorrhage aside form respiratory anthrax

A

Weils syndrome
Congenital syphilis

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8
Q

Appearance of b. Anthracis on culture

A

Medusa head / serpentine like colonies

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9
Q

Treatment of anthrax and MOA

A

Raxibacumab - binds protective antigen

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10
Q

What enterotoxin of b. Cereus is the diarrheal type

A

Heat labile

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11
Q

Which of the two b. Cereus enterotoxins has a shorter incubation period

A

Emetic / heat stable enterotoxin

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12
Q

Action of botulinum toxin

A

Inhibits SNARE proteins: synaptobrevin, syntaxin = blocking release of acetylcholine

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13
Q

Test used to identify botulinum toxin

A

Mouse neutralization test

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14
Q

Where can clostridium botulinum be found

A

Soil, alkaline vegetables, canned goods, wild honey

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15
Q

Facilitates the spread of tetanospasmin

A

Tetanolysin

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16
Q

How does tetanospasmin cause sustained muscle contractions

A

Prevents release of GABA and glycine (inhibitory neurotransmitters)

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17
Q

Muscle involved in risus sardonicus

A

Orbicularis oris

18
Q

Muscles involved in trismus

A

Masseter, lateral pterygoid, temporalis

19
Q

Treatment for tetanus

A

Metronidazole 400 mg per rectum or 500 mg IV q6h for 1 week

20
Q

How to identify c. Perfringens in culture

A

Naglers reaction

21
Q

What toxin of clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene

A

Alpha toxin / lecithinase

22
Q

What does beta toxin of c. Perfringens do

A

Cause enteritis necroticans / pig bel disease

23
Q

Risk factors for pseudomembranous colitis caused by c. Difficile

A

Prolonged hospitalization
Exposure to several antibiotics

24
Q

Most common drug that can precipitate pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

25
Q

Treatment of choice for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Vancomycin PO
Alt: metronidazole PO

26
Q

Characteristic appearance of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Chinese pallisades

27
Q

What bacteria is also called loefflers bacillus

A

C. Diphtheriae

28
Q

What is inhibited by subunit A of the diphtheriae exotoxin

A

Elongation Factor 2 - causing inhibition of protein synthesis

29
Q

What test is used to demonstrate toxin production of c. Diphtheriae

A

Elek test

30
Q

What is schick test for

A

Assessing immunity to c. Diphtheriae

31
Q

Lab diagnosis of c. Diphtheriae

A

Loefflers slant

32
Q

Characteristic motility of listeria and at what temp

A

Tumbling end over end motility at 22C

33
Q

Characteristic growth of listeria monocytogenes

A

Umbrella growth pattern

34
Q

Only gram pos bacteria with endotoxin

A

L. Monocytogenes

35
Q

Other name of early onset listeriosis

A

Granulomatous infantseptica

36
Q

Listeriosis transmitted during childbirth

A

Late onset listeriosis

37
Q

Primary organs affected by adult listeriosis

A

Liver and spleen

38
Q

Causes of neonatal meningitis

A

GEL
GBS
E. Coli
Listeria

39
Q

Kernig sign

A

Knee and hip are flexed, and knee extension is painful

40
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

Neck flexion leads to knee flexion

MICROBIOLOGY (5 decks)

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