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Term IV: Infectious Disease > Zoonotic Gram (-) > Flashcards

Zoonotic Gram (-) Flashcards

1
Q

Typical symptoms of infection caused by gram (-) zoonosis.

A
  • Systemic febrile illness +/- rash
  • Skin or soft tissue infection/OM
  • Pneumonia
  • Encephalitis
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2
Q

Bartonella henselae

Gram
Shape
Disease
Treatment

A

Gram (-)
Bacillus
Cat scratch disease

Doxycycline +/- rifampin
Chloramphenicol

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3
Q

Bartonella quintana

Disease?

A

Trench fever - single febrile episode for 4-5 days

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4
Q

Bartonella bacilliformis

Disease?

A

Oroya fever, verruga peruana (Carrion’s disease)

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5
Q

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome

What bacteria?

A

Contamination of the eye - associated with Bartonella

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6
Q

Gram (-) Zoonotics

A

Big Bad Bugs From Your Pet Ella

Bartonella, Brucella, Borrelia, Francisella, Yersinia, Pasturella, Ehrlichia

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7
Q

Brucella

Gram
Shape
What agar does it grow on?

A

Gram (-)

Small, Coccobacillus, mostly single cells “fine sand”

Grows on chocolate agar and sheep blood agar, but not MAC or EMB - very smooth, pinpoint, and translucent, non-hemolytic

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8
Q

What temperature does Brucella grow at?

A

37 C, grows slowly

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9
Q

What four species cause Brucellosis?

A
  1. B abortus - people working with unvaccinated animals inhale aerosols
  2. B melitensis - unpasteurized milk
  3. B. suis - people who work with unvaccinated animals
  4. B. canis
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10
Q

Symptoms of Brucellosis?

A

“Great imitator”

Mild suppurative febrile infection –> fever, sweats, headache, back pain

Depression is common

Osteoarticular and lymphoreticular organs and kidney most commonly involved

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11
Q

Pathogenesis of Brucella

A

Adapts to intracellular conditions of macrophages to infect liver, spleen, bone marrow (reticuloendothelial system)

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12
Q

What disease?

Fever of unknown origin
Culture-negative endocarditis
Culture-negative osteomyelitis
Aseptic meningitis
Culture-negative epididymoorchitis
A

Brucellosis

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13
Q

Diagnosis of Brucellosis

Treatment

A
  • Blood cultures, serology useful if cultures are negative

Treat: streptomycin + doxycycline
Oral combo: rifampin + doxycycline

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14
Q

Francisella

Gram
Shape
Catalase
Motility
Oxygen use
Capsule?
Disease
A 
Gram (-)
Coccobacillus
Weakly positive
Non-motile
Obligate anaerobe
Thick capsule
Tularemia - 7 forms (ulcers, pneumonic, etc.)
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15
Q

Vectors of Francisella transmission

A

Ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies

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16
Q

Diagnosis & Treatment of Francisella

A

Diagnosis: culture and isolation, serology, PCR, immunofluorescent staining

Treatment: Streptomycin - you end up with long-term immunity after treatment

17
Q

What part of the US is Yersinia endemic to?

A

Western United States

18
Q

Acquisition of plague and high risk groups

A

Fleas or direct contact with infected animals (rats), inhalation of respiratory secretions

Hunters, trappers

19
Q

Yersinia

Gram
Shape
Stain

A

Gram (-)

Single cells or short chains of rods

Bipolar stain w/ Giemsa or Wayson - “safety pin”

20
Q

3 species of Yersinia

A

Y. pestis
Y. enterocolitica
Y. pseudotuberculosis

21
Q

3 types of clinical presentation of Y. pestis infection

A
  1. Bubonic (most common) - bacteria proliferate at bite, swollen LNs (bubo)
  2. Septicemic - no bubo, but sepsis
  3. Pneumonic (very fatal) - rapidly progressive pneumonia w/ high rate of transmission
22
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of Yersinia

A

Diagnosis: isolate from bubo, serology

Treatment: Gentamicin, maybe w/ tetracycline, supportive care is critical

23
Q

Pasturella multocida

Gram
Oxygen use
Normal colonization site

A

Gram (-)
Facultative anaerobe

Upper respiratory tract of cats, dogs, rabbits

24
Q

Symptoms of Pasturella multocida infection?

A

Skin and soft tissue infection –> necrotizing fasciitis

Septic arthritis/osteomyelitis

Bacteremia if there is liver dysfunction

25
Q

Treatment for P. multocida?

A

beta-lactam + beta-lactamase inhibitor (ampicillin/sulbactam)

26
Q

Rickettsia

Gram
Oxygen use
Vector
Diseases

A

Gram (-)
Obligate intracellular
Ticks, mites, fleas

Rickettsial diseases:

  • Spotted fever (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
  • Rickettsial pox group (eschar + rash)
  • Q fever
  • typhus group
27
Q

Which is most important Rickettsial disease? Symptoms?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever most important - organism passes from lymphatics to systemic circulation to infect endothelium –> increased vascular permeability and multi-organ failure

Symptoms: fever, myalgia, headache, rash, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia

HOWEVER: WBC’s usually normal

28
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of RMSP

A

Diagnoses: Serology, but antibodies are not positive until a week into illness

Treatment: Doxycycline

29
Q

Why can’t you use beta-lactams with Rickettsia infection?

A

B/c it’s an obligate intracellular, so antibiotics have to get into the cells and not act on cell wall

30
Q

Diseases of Ehrlichia? Symptoms?

A

Human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis (HME)

Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (HGA)

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

31
Q

What cells do Ehrlichia infect? Rickettsia?

Which one usually involves rash? Neutropenia? Morulae on smear?

A

Ehrlichia - WBCs
Rickettsia - endothelium

Rickettsia - rash
Neutropenia - Ehrlichia
Morulae - Ehrlichia

32
Q

Diagnosis of Ehrlichia? Treatment?

A

PCR b/c patient may not have positive serology early on

Treatment: Doxycycline

33
Q

What is an alternate to doxycycline or tetracycline if someone has an allergy?

A

Rifampin

Term IV: Infectious Disease (13 decks)

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