Bacterial Causes of Diarrhea Flashcards
What strain of E. coli?
Sorbitol-negative
Causes hemorrhagic colitis, FREQUENTLY causes dysentery, hemolytic uremic syndrome
E. coli O157 (EHEC)
What strain of E. coli?
Sorbitol-positive
Causes hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, occasionally dysentery
E. coli non-O157 (EHEC)
83 YO male w/ bloody diarrhea develops renal failure. Has ischemic colitis. As diarrhea improves, urine output decreases. Peripheral smear shows red cell fragments. Stool culture is negative for a sorbitol-negative E. coli and stool sample is positive for Shiga toxin.
A. Ischemic bowel disease
B. HUS due to non-O157 Shigatoxin producing E. coli (STEC)
C. HUS due to O157:H7 strain of STEC
D. Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga bacillus) infection
E. Campylobacter jejuni
B
Where do 95% of cases of non-typhoid salmonellosis come from?
Food - poultry, eggs, fruits and veggies, exotic pets
Why are infants at greater risk for infection
- susceptible to lower inoculum size
- pick organism up via contamination
Pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile
Susceptible person (advanced age, genetics, lack of antibodies) receive drugs that alter intestinal microbiome (antibiotics, chemo, proton pump inhibitors), exposed to and ingest spores of C. diff –> infection
Objectives of therapy in C. diff infection
- Inhibit growth of C. diff
- Preserve or re-establish gut flora (fecal microbiota transplant)
- Develop immune response to toxins
What are the top 3 organisms that cause death from diarrhea in US?
- C. diff
- Norovirus
- Salmonella
Name three post-enteric infection complication disorders:
- Reactive arthritis
- Post-infectious IBS
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome (Campylobacter infection)
Motor weakness, decreased reflexes, lumbar punctures shows increased CSF
What disease?
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni
Most common origin?
Resistance to what antibiotic
Complications
- Most common origin? Food
- Resistance to what antibiotic? Ciprofloxacin
- Complications? IBS, Guillain-Barre, reactive arthritis
