Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Disease Flashcards
t/f: human involvement causes the majority of emerging infectious disease outbreaks
T
5 major influences to emerging infectious diseases
- environmental degradation by pollution, habitat fragmentation, eutrophication
- translocation of infected individuals
- feeding stations of songbirds and cervids
- game farming/aquaculture
- feral animals
hantavirus
bunyaviridae virus of deer and cotton mice that is transmitted from aerosolized urine, feces, or saliva or when handling the rodents. Humans will get a fever, respiratory signs and interstitial edema that has a 45% mortality
lyme disease
borrelia burgdorferi
Deer ticks cause a bulls eye rash at site of attachment causing flu like symptoms and arthritis. white tailed deer is host for tick vector
Lepto
host sheds spirochete in urine and causes signs of fever, headache, vomit, meningitis, renal failure, death in humans
grippotyphosa
raccoon and skunks
icteroharmorrhagiae
rodents
pomona
ungulates
Rocky mountain spotted fever
rodents, rabbits, voles, chipmunks, oppossums
- american dog tick (dermacenter variabilis)
- southeast/southcentral US in april to september
- humans show signs of flu like symptoms, rash on arms and legs
- fatal in 25% of cases
tularemia
francisella tularensis
- terrestrial cycle involving rabbits and rodents
- aquatic cycle involving musk rats and beaver
- many modes of transmission including blood sucking arthropods, ingestions, inhalation
- human clinical signs: indolent ulcer, lymph node, swelling, pharyngitis, vomit, diarrhea, pneumonia
- necropsy lesions show white lesions in liver + spleen, necrotic lymph nodes, pneumonia
Plague
Yersinia pestis, flea rodent cycle
- prairie dogs + black footed ferret
- humans: lymphadenitis, fever, chills, 50% fatality
- considered a threat to black footed ferrets and endangered prairie dog species
- tx for fleas
