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micro 8 > Zoonoses -Bac Inf 2 > Flashcards

Zoonoses -Bac Inf 2 Flashcards

1
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • spotted fever group
  • rickettsia rickettsii
  • North and South America
  • tick
  • rodents, dogs
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2
Q

rickettsialpox- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • spotted fever group
  • rickettsia akari
  • US, russia, korea, Africa
  • mite
  • mouse
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3
Q

epidemic typhus- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • typhus group
  • rickettsia prowazekki
  • Africa, Asia, South America
  • body louse
  • humans, squirrel, fleas, flying squirrels
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4
Q

endemic (murine) typhus- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • typhus group
  • richettsia typhi
  • worldwide
  • fleas
  • rodents
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5
Q

scrub typhus- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • scrub typhus group
  • orientia tsutsugamushi
  • asian and the pacific
  • mite vector
  • rodent reservoir
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6
Q

human granulocytic ehrlichios (HGE)- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • ricketsia like organism
  • anaplasma phagocytophilium
  • Europe, Asia, North and SOuth America
  • Tick vector
  • rodents, horses, dogs, cattle
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7
Q

human monocytic ehrichiosis (HME)- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • ricketsia like organism
  • ehrlichia chaffeensis
  • US
  • ticks vector
  • deer, dogs, foxes, racoons
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8
Q

Q fever- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • ricketsia like organism
  • Coxiella burnetti
  • Worldwide
  • no vector to humans
  • sheep, cattle, goats
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9
Q

trench fever- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • ricketsia like organism
  • bartonella quintana
  • Europe, Africa, Asia
  • body louse vector
  • human reservoir
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10
Q

cat scratch fever- group, organism, distribution, vector, and reservoir

A
  • ricketsia like organism
  • bartonella henselae
  • Worldwide
  • No vector
  • cat and dog reservoir
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11
Q

Rickettsia - organism details

A
  • very small gram negative coccobacilli
  • difficult to stain and see
  • has LPS
  • obligate intracellular pathogen –> grows in the cytoplasms –> trick cells to phagocytose them
  • transmitted by arthropods (ticks mites and lice)
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12
Q

Rickettsia - pathology

A
  • most people definitely have symptoms
  • organism infects vascular endothelium of small blood vessels
  • skin or systemic disease
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13
Q

rickettsia - skin symptoms

A
  • SMALL BLOOD VESSELS USUALLY
  • inflammation, endothelial cell proliferation, thrombosis and red cell leakage results in the formation of a rash or petechial lesion
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14
Q

rickettsia - systemic disease symptoms

A

vascular lesions throughout the body and are dependent on the virulence and tissue trophism of the individual species involved

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15
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)- causative organism? transmission via, host, patient presentation

A
  • rickettsia rickettsii
  • vector = Ticks
  • host = small rodent
  • -rash on feet, ankles, hands and wrists
  • fever
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16
Q

rickettsialpox - patient presentation, vector?

A
  • rash on trunk

- vector = mites

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17
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever -most commonly seen where? peak season?

A
  • Delaware down to southcoast of Florida(South Atlantic group)
  • April and September = peak tick season
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18
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever - disease progression

A
  • Initially presentation of fever AND THEN rash
  • rash on feet, ankles, hands, and wrists
  • Untreated: disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombocytopenia, pulmonary edema, renal failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and shock
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19
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever - diagnosis

A
  • Epidemiology and Clinical Signs
  • Serology: severe disease (death) may develop before antibody titers are high enough to be detected
  • Molecular or immunohistochemical techniques: detect the presence of organism in blood or tissue biopsy
  • difficult to diagnose - hard to grow and disease moves fast
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20
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever - treatment/prevention

A

-Treatment:
Initiated therapy based on clinical symptomology and epidemiology
Doxycycline is the drug of choice
-Prevention: Limit exposure to ticks

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21
Q

Rickettsial Pox - organism, vector, reservoir

A
  • Caused by Rickettsia akari
  • Transmitted by mites which feed on infected rodents
  • reservoir: house mouse (Mus musculus)
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22
Q

Rickettsial Pox- diagnosis/treatment

A
  • Immunohistochemistry and serology support diagnosis
  • Doxycycline or tetracycline for treatment
  • mild and can usually resolve on its own
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23
Q

Rickettsial Pox-disease progression

A

-Initial signs: a painless papule at the site of inoculation which over time becomes ulcerated and scabs over (eschar) –> RASH ON TRUNK!
-Second phase: fever, chills, headache, myalgias, and photophobia
pox-like eruptions which scab over and become crusted
-Usually mild and uncomplicated

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24
Q

lesion with black center is usually?

A

Rickettsial Pox

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25
Q

Epidemic Typhus - causative organism? where most often?

A
  • Rickettsia prowazekii
  • not seen in deveolped naitons –> more like war, poverty, prisons, refugee camps
  • if in the US usually in Southeast (flying squirrels –NOT REPORTABLE
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26
Q

Epidemic Typhus - vector? how does organism present and how does it enter body?

A
  • Spread by body lice (Pediculus humanus corpis)
  • organism present in lice feces
  • inoculated through scratching
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27
Q

Epidemic Typhus - disease presentation

A
  • Very high fever (~104 F), conjunctivitis, severe headache, myalgias, arthralgias, dry cough, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
  • Followed by development of rash
  • progresses from pink and spotted to deep red and raised
  • begins near the armpits and spreads over torso to limbs
  • The face, hands, and feet are generally spared
  • Complications include myocarditis and CNS dysfunction.
  • Fatality rates of 10-40% have been reported in untreated
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28
Q

Epidemic Typhus - diagnosis/treatment/prevention?

A

-Diagnosis: Serology or molecular techniques
-Treatment: doxycycline or chloramphenicol
-Prevention:
control lice infestation
live attenuated and formaldehyde fixed vaccines available
use limited to high risk populations.

29
Q

RASHES - typhus vs rocky mountain spotted fever

A 
RMSF = starts at hands and feet and moves toward torso
typhus = starts at armpits--> spreads to torso (NOT ON FACE, HANDS AND FEET
30
Q

Endemic of Murine Typhus - organism, transmission/vector, where found most often?

A
  • Caused by R. typhi
  • Transmitted by the rat flea (RODENT TO HUMAN VIA RAT FLEA)
  • Texas gulf coast
31
Q

Endemic of Murine Typhus - symptoms/presentation?

A
  • more benign with fewer complications that epidemic typhus
  • Very high fever (~104 F), conjunctivitis, severe headache, myalgias, arthralgias, dry cough, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
  • Followed by development of rash
  • progresses from pink and spotted to deep red and raised
  • begins near the armpits and spreads over torso to limbs
32
Q

Endemic of Murine Typhus - treatment/diagnosis

A
  • Diagnosis: Serology or molecular techniques

- Treatment: doxycycline or chloramphenicol

33
Q

Scrub Typhus/Tsutsugamushi fever - orgnaism, where is it a problem? transmission/vector, reservoirs? (DONT WORRY ABOUT SCRUB SO MUCH)

A
  • Endemic in southern and eastern Asia, the Pacific Islands, and northern Australia
  • Caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi
  • Transmitted through the bite of infected mites
  • A wide range of rodents, lagomorphs and marsupials serve as reservoirs
34
Q

Scrub Typhus/Tsutsugamushi fever - disease presentation? (DONT WORRY ABOUT SCRUB SO MUCH)

A
  • Inoculation develops from papule to ulcer to eschar
  • Followed by fever, severe headache, myalgia, swollen lymph nodes, and photophobia
  • ~1 week later a slightly raised rash appears on the truck and spreads to the extremities
  • Last several days
  • Symptoms resolve within 2 weeks, even in the absence of treatment
  • Complications include pneumonia and myocarditis
  • Mortality rates can approach 30%
35
Q

Scrub Typhus/Tsutsugamushi fever - diagnosis/treatment? (DONT WORRY ABOUT SCRUB SO MUCH)

A
  • Diagnosis: symptomology, epidemiology, and serology

- Treatment: doxycycline or chloramphenicol

36
Q

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma - organism details

A
  • Small Gram-negative intracellular bacteria
  • Primarily parasitize monocytes (ehrlichia) and granulocytes (anaplasma) –> BOTH hide from immune –>disrupt fusion of phagosome with lysosome
  • Replicate and form vacuole-bound colonies known as morulae
  • Organisms remain within vacuoles, do not escape into the cytoplasm
  • Little or no peptidoglycan or LPS as part of their cell wall
37
Q

HUMAN MONOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS (HME): organism

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis - monocytes

38
Q

HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS (HGE): organsim

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilium - granulocytes

39
Q

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma - peak season?

A

April and September - tick season

40
Q

HME: Ehrlichia chaffeensis - vector, reservoir, location in US

A
  • lone star tick***
  • white tail deer***
  • Primarily in the South East, Mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, and South Central regions of the United States
41
Q

HGE: Anaplasma phagocytophilium - vector, reservoir, location in US

A
  • Ixodes ticks
  • small mammals
  • Found primarily in the North Central Midwest, the North East and Central Atlantic regions of the US
42
Q

HME: Ehrlichia chaffeensis - presentation/sypmtoms

A
  • petechial rash –> generalized rash
  • 60% asymptomatic and the rest super sever
  • severe=cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, CNS dysfunction, as well as cutaneous, pulmonary, and intestinal hemorrhages
  • lose platelets
  • Most get pneumonia
43
Q

HME: Ehrlichia chaffeensis - diagnosis/treatment

A

-Diagnosis:
Detection of morulae in blood smear – rare
Serological and molecular techniques
-Treatment: Doxycycline

44
Q

Coxiella burnetii - disease name? organism details?:

A

Q FEVER

  • Small Gram-negative pleomorphic bacterium
  • Two phases / forms: small-cell variant (become large-cell and then divide into small again) & large-cell variant (endospores - survive in environemnt)
  • Obligate intracellular bacteria
  • Reside and replicate in fully acidified phagolysosomes
45
Q

Q (QUERY) FEVER - distribution, VECTOR FOR HUMANS/NONHUMANS:

A
  • everywhere
  • TICKS FOR NONHUMANS
  • DOGS/CATS FOR HUMANS - in the amniotic fluid/placenta/feces
  • in unpastuerized dairy
46
Q

Q (QUERY) FEVER - primary mode of infection? resulting infection types?

A
  • inhalation of Coxiella burnetii spores -

- Acute or a chronic infection

47
Q

Q (QUERY) FEVER - presentation/syptoms acute

A
  • Generalized disease resembling influenza
  • Incubation period of 2-4 weeks
  • Followed by the development of fever, chills, malaise, arthralgias, myalgias, severe headache, and photophobia
  • Pneumonia may develop
  • Abnormal liver function, CNS dysfunction, and vascular inflammation may be present
  • The fever typically last 1 or 2 weeks, but it may take months for the patient to fully recover.
  • Infection during pregnancy may lead to premature birth, abortion, or still birth
48
Q

Q (QUERY) FEVER - presentation/syptoms chronic

A
  • Appears mainly as endocarditis or hepatitis
  • Acute signs of infection are generally absent
  • Incubation period may be months to years
49
Q

Q (QUERY) FEVER - diagnosis/treatment/prevention

A

-Diagnosis: molecular and serological techniques
-Treatment: Doxycycline
-Prevention:
inactivated whole cell vaccine
use is limited to high risk individuals, primarily laboratory workers

50
Q

Bartonella - organism details, disease name, where do these orgnaims live in the human?

A

==Trench Fever

  • Small slightly curved Gram-negative rods
  • Can be grown in the laboratory (agar plates)
  • require CO2
  • may take weeks to produce colonies
  • reside within erythrocytes.
51
Q

trench fever - organism, vector, disease associations and among who in population

A
  • Bartonella quintana
  • human body louse
  • Associated with poverty, lack of hygiene, and overcrowding
  • observed in the homeless population
52
Q

trench fever - mode of infection

A

-The organism is present in the feces of lice and is introduced into the bite by scratching

53
Q

Trench Fever - disease presentation

A
  • relapsing attacks of fever, headache, and dizziness that last 1-3 days
  • “shin pain”
  • recur every 4-6 days
  • not considered fatal
54
Q

Trench Fever - dianosis/treatment

A 
-Diagnosis
Serology
Isolation of organism from blood 
May take weeks
-Treatment and Prevention: gentamicin and/or erythromycin
55
Q

Cat Scratch Fever - causative organism? seem among who in the population?

A
  • Bartonella henselae

- children and adolescents

56
Q

Cat Scratch Fever - infection process

A
  • Bartonella henselae
  • Organism can be found in cats and fleas (feces)
  • Flea bites are thought to transmit disease among cats
  • Human infection occurs when dried flea feces is introduced into man through cat scratches and bites
  • More than 90% of infected individuals are able to recall a recent history of cat bites or scratches
57
Q

Cat Scratch Fever - disease presentation

A
  • Fever and a lymphadenopathy in the region of the inoculation
  • A papule may develop at the site of inoculation
  • Symptoms generally resolve without complication
58
Q

Cat Scratch Fever -diagnosis/treatment

A
  • Diagnosis: cultivation, serology and molecular analysis

- Treatment: Not necessary of effective

59
Q

BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS - infection with what organism causes? what is it? WHo is this disease common among?

A
  • B. henselae and B. quintana
  • Vascular proliferative disease involving the skin
  • Can spread to other organs such as liver, spleen bone marrow and lymph nodes
  • HIV INFECTED INDIV
  • Lesions appear bright red and are similar in appearance Kaposi-sarcoma lesions
60
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever - organism cause, rash?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

centripital spread rash

61
Q

Rickettsial pox - organism cause, rash?

A
  • rickettsia akari

- generalized rash

62
Q

Louse-borne (epidemic) typhus fever - organism cause, rash?

A
  • rickettsia prowazekii

- cetrifugal spread

63
Q

Trench fever - organism cause, rash?

A
  • bartonella quintana

- NO RASH

64
Q

Q fever - organism cause, rash?

A

coxiella burnetii

NO RASH

65
Q

Cat scratch fever - organism cause, rash?

A

bartonella henselae

papule at inoculation site

66
Q

Human ehrlichiosis - organism cause, rash?

A
  • ehrlichia and anaplasma

- 1/3 have rash

67
Q

all rickettsia and rickettsia like orgnaims sgram stain???

A

GRAM NEGATIVE! AND INTRACELLULAR

68
Q

distinct growth feature of ehrlichia and anaplasma?

A

morulae - vacuole bound colonies where tehy replicate - ALL INTRACELLULAR

69
Q

shin pain with which organism/dosease?

A

trench fever-bartonella quintana

micro 8 (6 decks)

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