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micro 8 > Parasitic of skin, soft tissue, and muscle > Flashcards

Parasitic of skin, soft tissue, and muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Leishmaniasis - caused by, vactor, where do these parasites reside?

A
  • Leishmania sp
  • bite of sandfly (vector)
  • into macrophages - amastagotes inside
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2
Q

cutaneous Leishmaniasis - organisms, clinical apearance? how to get rid of?

A
  • L. major, L. tropica, L. mexicana
  • Raised border and depressed in middle, dry, crusty lesion at site –> ulcerates –> scaring
  • self limited infection = eventually macrophages activate with inf gamma and destroy inner parasites
  • seen in veterans coming back from war
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3
Q

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis - organisms/ clinical presentation? treatment?

A
  • L. braziliensis
  • presents as a typical cutaneous lesion. Months to years after resolution of the initial infection, ulcerative lesions develop, typically in the nasal mucosa and septum
  • No resolution without chemotherapy
  • results in severe disfigurment
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4
Q

resultion of Leishmaniasis is dependent on?
-how to elimiated it?
Treatment:

A
  • cell-mediated immunity
  • contol is by eliminating the vector/reservoirs and interrupting transmission
  • treat with heavy metal compounds
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5
Q

Onchocerciasis- River Blindness - organism, organism details, transmission? disease details?

A
  • Onchocerca volvulus
  • filarial nematode
  • transmitted by bite of infected black flies - takes years for worms to develop
  • ocular infection = blindness
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6
Q

Onchocerciasis - diagnpsis/ treatment

A

-skin snip

Ivermectin

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7
Q

M. streptocerca - location

A

Central Africa

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8
Q

M. perstans - location

A

North and Central Africa, Caribbean, N.E. region of South America

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9
Q

M. ozzardi - location

A

Central and South America, Caribbean

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10
Q

Mansonella sp. - transmission, clinical manifestation, reservoir,

A
  • Transmitted by bite of infected midge.
  • Non-human primates may serve as reservoirs.
  • Most infections are asymptomatic.
  • Clinical disease: itching, edema, joint pain
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11
Q

Mansonella sp. - diagnosis

A

observing microfilaria on stained blood smears or skin snips.

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12
Q

Mansonella sp.- commonly gets into US via

A

people vacationinng in the carribbean

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13
Q

Dracunculosis- organism, life cycle,

A
  • Dracunculus medinensis
  • female will put eggs in a blister –> people bathe the sores in a stream and blister pops –> people drink these –> develop in GI and move into skin after this (takes about 1 year)
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14
Q

Largest tissue dwelling nematode

A

-Dracunculus medinensis

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15
Q

Dracunculosis- diagnosis / treatment

A

-Diagnosis – recognition of symptoms, “wash out” microfilariae from ulcer.
-Treatment – wind worm out on a stick.
Break worm – anaphylactic reaction

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16
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans -organism, organism normally infects what? how do huamns get?

A
  • Ancylostoma (Hookworms)
  • normally infects dogs/cats – poop it
  • larvae penetrate skin of human and cant enter circulation – getstuck in skin
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17
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans - presentation

A

creeping eruption - the larvae migrate and inflame the skin as they move = serpentine looks

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18
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei - what is it? what does it cause in humans, where does it present?

A
  • Small roundish, eight-legged arthropods
  • Mites of birds and animals can occasionally infected man
  • superficial dermatitis = scabies
  • webs and folds of the skin between fingers
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19
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei - presnetation in humans

A
  • webs and folds of skin
  • between fingers spreads to wrists, elbows, and the trunk
  • if constantly exposed = alergic reaction .. rash on back and stuff
  • intense itching and burning
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20
Q

Norwegian or crusted scabies - presentation, who in the population gets?

A
  • hyperinfection with thousands of mites
  • crusted lesions on the hands, feet and body.
  • hgihly contagious due to so many females
  • common among the homeless
21
Q

Scabies - diagnosis/treatment

A
  • OBSERVATION for female mites
  • topical creams
  • clean sheets and house and all
22
Q

Lice - Pediculosis - what are they?

A
  • obligate blood-feeding (sucking) ectoparasites

- wingless, six-legged, and flattened insects

23
Q

Three species of lice infect humans

A
  • Body louse - Pediculus humanus (2-4 mm long)
  • Head louse - P. humanus capitis (2-4 mm long)
  • Crab louse, Phthirus pubis (~1mm in length) -front legs smaller than the second and third sets of legs which are clawed, resembling crabs legs
24
Q

characteristic presentation of lice

A

intense itching. Pruritic, reddened papules are typically observed. Secondary bacterial infections may develop.

25
Q

Head lice - what do they do? common amon?

A

-primarily inhabit the hairs of the head
-transmitted by physical contact, sharing hair combs or brushes, or sharing hats and scarves
can spread rapidly among school children
-Children appear restless
-Head lice and their bites frequently are concentrated behind the ears and back of the neck

26
Q

Body lice (“cooties”):

A
  • usually found on the clothing of infected individuals
  • adult lice will move to the body frequently to obtain a blood meal, but return to the clothing afterwards
  • spread by direct physical contact, the sharing of clothes, or the common storage of garments (e.g. closets)
27
Q

Crab lice:

A
  • most frequently transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact
  • usually inhabit the hairs of the pubic and perianal region
  • can also be found on axillary hair and facial hair
28
Q

Head and crab lice details:

A
  • sedentary, often clutching the same hair shaft for days while feeding
  • Females lay eggs (nits) and attach them to hair shafts
  • The eggs will hatch in approximately one week, and go through several developmental stages over a period of two to three weeks
  • Adults live less than one month, and females typically lay 50 - 100 eggs in a lifetime
29
Q

Human Botfly- Myiasis - organism, how they develop, presentation

A
  • Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly
  • Maggots develop in the subcutaneous tissues
  • Maintain contact with the environment through an “air hole” in the abscess
  • After several weeks of development the larvae emerge, fall to the ground, and continue development
  • Transmitted by the bite of a different arthropod
  • -During the tissue phase they can cause pain and secrete a fouls smelling exudate from the opening in the skin
30
Q

Human Botfly- Myiasis - treatment

A
  • Typically removed surgically
  • They can be forced to the surface by covering the lesion with petroleum jelly to block their air-hole, facilitating their removal
31
Q

Chagas’ Disease - organsim

A
  • Trypanosoma cruzi (PROTOZOA)
  • transmited by reduvid bug
  • over time infects cardiac muscle
32
Q

Chagas’ Disease - transmission

A
  • Trypanosoma cruzi
  • Bite / Defecation of infected reduviid bug.
  • Blood Transfusion
33
Q

Chagas’ Disease - symptomology

A
  • Trypanosoma cruzi
  • First sign of infection is development of chagoma.
  • Romana’s sign - get it in oyur eye
  • Acute phase: Fever, malaise, myalgia and hepatosplenomegaly
34
Q

Chagas’ Disease - Diagnosis

A
  • Trypanosoma cruzi
  • TRAVEL HISTORY
  • seroloy if chronic disease
  • periph blood spear if acute inf
35
Q

Trichinosis - organism, how do people get most often? what happens when infected?

A
  • Trichinella spiralis (HELMINTH)
  • undercooked pork
  • larvae get into intestines and eventually can move and encyst into muscle
36
Q

Trichinosis - key feature when these diseminate?

A
  • Trichinella spiralis

eosinophilia

37
Q

Trichinosis - diagnosis

A
  • observation of encysted larvae in muscle tissue
  • eosinophilia
  • elevated muscle enzyme levels (CPK, LDH)
  • periorbital edema
38
Q

Loiasis - organism, location,transmission

A

– Loa loa

  • eye worm
  • bite of mango flies
39
Q

Loiasis - diagnostic

A
  • Microfilariae observed in bloodstream

- eosinophilia

40
Q

“Calabar swelling” - which disease/organism? what is it?

A

– Loa loa/ loiasis

-swelling a tthe bite site of the fly

41
Q

worm that passes through conjunctiva of eye?

A

Loiasis – Loa loa

42
Q

Lung Flukes - organism, lifecycle

A
  • Paragonimus westermani
  • eggs in sputum and poop
  • get into water –> snail –> new larvae
  • new larvae get into freshwater crabs and crayfish
  • human eats –> it migrates through abdomen –> penetrate diaphram –> lungs
  • LOTS OF DAMAGE
43
Q

Lung Flukes - frequently aquired via

A
  • -Paragonimus westermani

- Acquired through the ingestion of fresh water crabs or crayfish.

44
Q

Lung Flukes - common where in world

A
  • Paragonimus westermani

- Southeast asia and latin/south amierca

45
Q

Lung Flukes - clinical presentation

A

blood in sputum - “rusty sputum” (bc eggs are brown)

-lung abcesses (cavitations) when fibrotic cyst forms around adults

46
Q

Taenia solium-waht is it?

A
  • Pork Tapeworm

- can encyst into lungs, brian, and eyes ==> cysticercus

47
Q

Echinococcus granulosus - waht is it?

A
  • Dog tapeworm

- causes hydatidosis

48
Q

Echinococcus granulosus - diagnosis

A

Presence of cyst, and history consistent with exposure.

micro 8 (6 decks)

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