Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the WHO definition of a zoonoses?

A

Infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is source of disease in zoonoses?

A

Animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are NOT zoonoses and why?

A

Malaria
Schistosomiasis
Oncoceriasis
Elephantiasis

Transmitted by animals, but depend on the human host for part of their life-cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are anthroponosis?

A

An infectious disease in which a disease causing agent carried by humans is transferred to other animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of anthroponosis?

A

Influenza
Strep throat
Leishmaniasis
Chytridiomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can zoonoses by caused by?

A

Virus, bacteria, parasites or fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are examples of bacterial zoonoses?

A 
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Shigella
Anthrax
Brucella
E.coli
Leptospirosis
Plague
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of zoonotic viruses?

A 
Rabies
Avian flu
Crimean-Congo haemorrhage fever (CCHF
Ebola
Laa fever
West Nile fever
Yellow fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are examples of parasitic zoonoses?

A 
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichinellosis
Visceral larva migrans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are examples of fungal zoonoses?

A

Dermatophytoses

Sporotichosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the most common zoonoses in the UK?

A

Salmonella
Campylobacter
Toxoplasma
Ringworm/dermatophytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are rare zoonoses for the UK?

A

Anthrax
Rabies
Bubonic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are emerging zoonoses?

A

A zoonosis that is newly recognised or newly evolved, or that has occurred previously but shows an increase in incidence or expansion in geographical, host or vector range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is rabies?

A

A viral infection transmitted from bite of infected animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main transmitters of rabies?

A

Dogs, bats, monkeys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the incubation period in humans for rabies?

A

2 weeks to several months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does rabies do once in the body?

A

Travels to the brain via peripheral nerves and causes acute encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of rabies?

A 
Malaise, headache, fever
Progressing to mania, lethargy & coma
Over production of salvia & tears
Unable to swallow & hydrophobia
Death by respiratory failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is diagnosis of rabies made?

A

PCR of saliva or CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the prognosis of rabies if untreated?

A

Fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the management for rabies?

A

Post-exposure prophylaxis
Human rabies immunoglobulin (HRI)
+4 doses rabies vaccine over 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is brucellosis?

A

Highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did brucellosis used to be an occupational hazard of?

A

Farmers, vets, slaughterhouses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How are the organisms excreted in brucellosis?

A

In milk, placenta and aborted foetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How are humans infected by brucellosis?

A

During milking
During parturition
Handing carcasses
Consumption unpasteurised dairy products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 3 species of brucella?

A

Melitensis
Suis
Abortus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the incubation period for brucellosis?

A

5-30 days (up to 6mo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 4 types of symptoms of brucellosis?

A

Acute
Subacute
Chronic
Subclincal (commonest)

29
Q

What is the acute presentation of brucellosis and how does it typically last?

A 
High undulant fever
Weakness, headaches
Drenching sweats
Splenomegaly
Lasts 1-3wks
30
Q

What is the subacute presentation of brucellosis and how does it typically last?

A

Fever and joint pains

Lasts over 1mo

31
Q

What is the chronic presentation of brucellosis and how does it typically last?

A 
Flu-lie symptoms
Malaise
Depression
Chronic arthritis
Endocarditis
Splenomegaly
Epididymo-orchitis
Lasts for months-years
32
Q

What is the most common form of symptom presentation in brucellosis?

A

Subclinical

33
Q

What is the treatment for brucellosis?

A

Long acing doxycycline for 2-3mo + rifampicin + IM gentamicin for 1st week

34
Q

If CNS disease in brucellosis, what treatment should you add?

A

Cotrimoxazole for 2wks

35
Q

What bacteria used to cause leptospirosis in fisherman and miners?

A

Leptospira icterohaemorrhagica

36
Q

What is the common form of leptospirosis now?

A

Leptospira hardjo

37
Q

What is leptospirosis caused by today?

A

Cattle

38
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of leptospirosis today?

A

Fever
Meningism: headaches
Myalgia
Abdo pain

39
Q

How does leptospirosis penetrate host?

A

Abraded skin or mucous membranes and cause systemic illness

40
Q

What type of bacteria are leptospirosis?

A

Spirochaetes

41
Q

What is the incubation period for leptospirosis?

A

2-30 days

42
Q

How is leptospirosis transmitted to human host?

A

Direct contact with animal

Contact with environment (water) contaminated with urine

43
Q

What happens in severe leptospirosis?

A

Weil’s disease: triad jaundice, AKI, bleeding

Pulmonary haemorrhage

44
Q

What is Weil’s disease?

A

Severe form of leptospirosis

45
Q

What are the investigations for leptospirosis?

A

Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
ELISA serology
PCR
Culture

46
Q

What is the treatment for leptospirosis?

A 
Antibiotics
Doxycline: mild
IV penicillin: severe
Dialysis
Mechanical ventilation
47
Q

How is lyme borrelios transmitted?

A

Ticks: I.ricinus

48
Q

When are ticks most active (Lyme disease)?

A

> 4’C

Humidity

49
Q

What is a sign of Lyme disease in 80-90% cases?

A

Erythema migrans

50
Q

What is the diagnosis for Lyme disease?

A

Clinical diagnosis
Erythema migrans
Single or multiple lesions

51
Q

How soon after the bike does erythema migrans usually present in Lyme disease?

A

3-90 days

52
Q

What are presentations of Lyme disease?

A 
Erythema migrans
Acrodermatitis chronica atroficans
Lymphocytoma
Neuroborreliosis
Cardiac disorders: carditis, heart block
Arthritis
53
Q

How does acrodermatitis chronica atroficans (ACA) present in Lyme disease?

A

Bluish-red discolouration on extensor surfaces of distal extremities
Progresses over months to years to atrophic phase

54
Q

What is common in acrodermatitis chronica atroficans (ACA)?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

55
Q

How does lymphocytoma present in Lyme disease?

A

Bluish solitary painless nodule

Usually earlobe or areola

56
Q

How does neuroborreliosis present in Lyme disease?

A

Triad of facial nerve palsy, radicular pain & lymphocytic meningitis

57
Q

What is the triad that presents in neuroborreliosis?

A

Facial nerve palsy
Radicular pain
Lymphocytic meningitis

58
Q

When does the onset of neuroborreliosis symptoms present in Lyme disease?

A

2-6 wks after bite

59
Q

What are more common presentations in Lyme disease in the US?

A

Cardiac disorders: carditis/heart block

Arthritis

60
Q

How is Lyme disease diagnosed?

A

EM = clinical diagnosis
ACA & lymphocytoma = clinical and serology
Arthritis = serology/PCR from synovial fluid
NB = clinical and lab

61
Q

What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

A

Antibiotics:

Oral doxycycline or amoxicillin or IV ceftriaxone for 21 days

62
Q

What is Q-fever?

A

Bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. The bacteria are most commonly found in cattle, sheep, and goats around the world. Humans typically get Q fever when they breathe in dust that was contaminated by infected animals

63
Q

What are the clinical features of Q-fever?

A 
Q fever does not always cause symptoms. Some people get flu-like symptoms within 2 to 3 weeks of being infected, such as:
a high temperature (fever)
aching muscles
tiredness
feeling sick
a sore throat
swollen glands
Symptoms of Q fever usually last up to 2 weeks.
64
Q

What is the management for Q-fever?

A

Antibiotics

65
Q

What is toxoplasmosis?

A

A disease from infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, one of the world’s most common parasites. Infection usually occurs by eating undercooked contaminated meat, exposure from infected cat feces, or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy.

66
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasmosis doesn’t usually cause any symptoms and most people don’t realise they have had it.
Some people get flu-like symptoms, such as:
high temperature (fever)
aching muscles
tiredness
feeling sick
sore throat
swollen glands
If you do have symptoms, they normally get better on their own within about 6 weeks.

67
Q

What is psittacosis?

A

A zoonotic infectious disease in humans caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia psittaci and contracted from infected parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels, and budgerigars, and from pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other species of birds.

68
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of psittacosis?

A

Acute respiratory disease
Flu-like symptoms
Severe pneumonia

69
Q

What is the treatment for psittacosis?

A

Antibiotics

Infection (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions