Zoonoses Flashcards
What are Zoonoses
Infections transmitted between living animal / vertebrae and human
What is anthroponosis
Humans infecting animals
What causes Anthrax disease
Bacillus Anthraxis
Found in infected carcases
How does Anthrax present
Painless black eschar (malignant pustule)
Oedema
GI bleeding
How do you Rx
Ciprofloxacin
What causes Cat Scratch disease
Bartonella Henselae
Found on cats
How does it present
Fever
Headache
Malaise
LN
What causes Rabies and how is it transmitted
Lyssa virus - travels up nerves to CNS Transmitted by bite Dogs Monkeys Bats Racoons
What is the incubation of Rabies
2 weeks - months
How does Rabies present
Malaise / lethargy Headache Fever Mania Overproduction of saliva Hydrophobia - can't swallow Acute encephalitis Resp failure Coma
How do you Dx
PCR saliva or CSF
Brain biopsy post mortem
How do you Rx Rabies if animal bite in at risk country
Rabies diploid vaccine if travelling to country
Clean and disinfect wound
Human rabies Ig + 4 doses of vaccine over 4 days
What causes Brucellosis
Gram -ve rod Occupational hazard of farmer Milking Handing carcases Unpasteurized dairy
What is incubation
5-30 days
How does it prevent acutely
Flu symptoms Fever Sweating Weakness Headache Anorexia Splenomegaly
How does chronic brucellosis
Arthtiritis
Endocarditis
Meningism
Depression
How do you Dx
Serology
How do you Rx
Doxycycline
Rifampicin
Gentamicin
What do you do if CNS disease
Co-trimoxazole
What is more common than Brucellosis
Leptospirosis / Well’s disease
What causes Leptospirsos
Spirochete
Found in farm animals
Contact with contaminated water - rats urine
What is the incubation
2-30 days
What are the symptoms of L.hardjjo (cattle)
Fever
Meningism
No jaundice
Self limiting
What are the symptoms of L.itcterohaerrhagic (rat)
Febrile flu Fever Myalgia Headache Cough CHest pain Hepatitis + jaundice Renal failure Subconjunctival haemorrhage
How do you Dx
ELISA blood
PCR
Culture
How do you Rx
Doxycycline
IV penicillin if severe
Dialysis
Ventilation
What is Weils disease
Jaundice
AKI
Pulmonary haemorrhage / bleeding
What causes Q-fever
Coxiella burnetti
Shearing of animals
How does Q-fever present
2-30 day incubation Febrile flu LN Culture -ve endocarditis Hepatitis + jaundice Atypical pneumonia Encephalitis
How do you Dx
Serology
Culture -ve
How do you Rx
Ax if endocarditis
Self limiting
What causes psittacosis
Chlamydia psittaci
Birds
What does it cause
Pneumonia - 5-15 days Flu Hepatitis Myocarditis Encephalitis Meninigits
How do you Dx
Serology
What causes toxoplasmosis
Parasite toxoplasma gondii
Cats
What does toxoplasmosis cause acutely
Mild Glandular fever like Fever Cough Rash
If toxoplasmosis becomes chronic if immunocompromised what does it cause
LN
Encephlitis
SOL
Brain abscess - focal neuropathy
Who is at risk
HIV
Pregnant
How do you Dx
Serology - IgM
Blood film
What is shown on blood film
Atypical mononuclear cells
What is toxoplasmosis till otherwise proven
Brain abscess
How do you Rx
Co-trimoxazole
Tetrayccline
Sulphonamide
What are congenital complications
Hydrocephalus Microphthalmos Microcephaly Convulsions Calcification
What causes Lyme’s
Borelli burgdoferi spiroche
Spread by a tick (Ixodes Ricinus)
What is stage 1
Erythema migrans
Flu
Fever
Arthralgia
What is stage 2
Gets into blood / lymph MSK - polyarthritis Neurological Radiculopathy - pain Cranial neuropathy Myelitis
What is stage 3
Chronic Heart block Myocarditis MSK Neuro Encephalitis Meningitis
What is EM
Present 3-90 days after
Classic bulls eye
Not painful or itchy
What do you do if see EM
Treat empirical
What is acrodermatitis chronic atroficins
Blush red discolouration of distal extremities
Peripheral neuropathy
Late disseminated (months - years)
What is lymphocytoma
Bluish solitary painless nodules on ear lobe
Early disseminated
What is neuroborreliosis
Facial nerve palsy Radicular pain worse at night Ataxia Neuropathy Lymphocytic meningitis Early dissemenitated
When does NB occur
2-5 weeks after bite
How do you Dx Lyme’s
Clinicam EM
ELISA (serology) if no EM = 1st line
What do you do ifELISA +ve
Immunoblot
What does arthritis cause
High serology titre from synovium
Other tests
LP
MRI if CNS
Nerve conduction
How do you treat
Oral doxycycline or amox 3 weeks
IV ceftruoxime if dissmeniated
What causes leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
How does it present
Skin
Neuro
Hypopigmentation
Sensory loss
How do you Rx
Triple therapy Ax
