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Infection > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What are Zoonoses

A

Infections transmitted between living animal / vertebrae and human

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2
Q

What is anthroponosis

A

Humans infecting animals

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3
Q

What causes Anthrax disease

A

Bacillus Anthraxis

Found in infected carcases

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4
Q

How does Anthrax present

A

Painless black eschar (malignant pustule)
Oedema
GI bleeding

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5
Q

How do you Rx

A

Ciprofloxacin

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6
Q

What causes Cat Scratch disease

A

Bartonella Henselae

Found on cats

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7
Q

How does it present

A

Fever
Headache
Malaise
LN

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8
Q

What causes Rabies and how is it transmitted

A 
Lyssa virus - travels up nerves to CNS 
Transmitted by bite 
Dogs
Monkeys
Bats
Racoons
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9
Q

What is the incubation of Rabies

A

2 weeks - months

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10
Q

How does Rabies present

A 
Malaise / lethargy 
Headache
Fever
Mania
Overproduction of saliva
Hydrophobia - can't swallow 
Acute encephalitis
Resp failure
Coma
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11
Q

How do you Dx

A

PCR saliva or CSF

Brain biopsy post mortem

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12
Q

How do you Rx Rabies if animal bite in at risk country

A

Rabies diploid vaccine if travelling to country
Clean and disinfect wound
Human rabies Ig + 4 doses of vaccine over 4 days

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13
Q

What causes Brucellosis

A 
Gram -ve rod
Occupational hazard of farmer
Milking
Handing carcases
Unpasteurized dairy
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14
Q

What is incubation

A

5-30 days

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15
Q

How does it prevent acutely

A 
Flu symptoms
Fever
Sweating
Weakness
Headache
Anorexia
Splenomegaly
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16
Q

How does chronic brucellosis

A

Arthtiritis
Endocarditis
Meningism
Depression

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17
Q

How do you Dx

A

Serology

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18
Q

How do you Rx

A

Doxycycline
Rifampicin
Gentamicin

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19
Q

What do you do if CNS disease

A

Co-trimoxazole

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20
Q

What is more common than Brucellosis

A

Leptospirosis / Well’s disease

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21
Q

What causes Leptospirsos

A

Spirochete
Found in farm animals
Contact with contaminated water - rats urine

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22
Q

What is the incubation

A

2-30 days

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of L.hardjjo (cattle)

A

Fever
Meningism
No jaundice
Self limiting

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24
Q

What are the symptoms of L.itcterohaerrhagic (rat)

A 
Febrile flu
Fever
Myalgia
Headache
Cough
CHest pain
Hepatitis + jaundice
Renal failure
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
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25
Q

How do you Dx

A

ELISA blood
PCR
Culture

26
Q

How do you Rx

A

Doxycycline
IV penicillin if severe
Dialysis
Ventilation

27
Q

What is Weils disease

A

Jaundice
AKI
Pulmonary haemorrhage / bleeding

28
Q

What causes Q-fever

A

Coxiella burnetti

Shearing of animals

29
Q

How does Q-fever present

A 
2-30 day incubation
Febrile flu
LN
Culture -ve endocarditis
Hepatitis + jaundice
Atypical pneumonia
Encephalitis
30
Q

How do you Dx

A

Serology

Culture -ve

31
Q

How do you Rx

A

Ax if endocarditis

Self limiting

32
Q

What causes psittacosis

A

Chlamydia psittaci

Birds

33
Q

What does it cause

A 
Pneumonia - 5-15 days
Flu
Hepatitis
Myocarditis
Encephalitis
Meninigits
34
Q

How do you Dx

A

Serology

35
Q

What causes toxoplasmosis

A

Parasite toxoplasma gondii

Cats

36
Q

What does toxoplasmosis cause acutely

A 
Mild
Glandular fever like
Fever
Cough 
Rash
37
Q

If toxoplasmosis becomes chronic if immunocompromised what does it cause

A

LN
Encephlitis
SOL
Brain abscess - focal neuropathy

38
Q

Who is at risk

A

HIV

Pregnant

39
Q

How do you Dx

A

Serology - IgM

Blood film

40
Q

What is shown on blood film

A

Atypical mononuclear cells

41
Q

What is toxoplasmosis till otherwise proven

A

Brain abscess

42
Q

How do you Rx

A

Co-trimoxazole
Tetrayccline
Sulphonamide

43
Q

What are congenital complications

A 
Hydrocephalus
Microphthalmos
Microcephaly
Convulsions
Calcification
44
Q

What causes Lyme’s

A

Borelli burgdoferi spiroche

Spread by a tick (Ixodes Ricinus)

45
Q

What is stage 1

A

Erythema migrans
Flu
Fever
Arthralgia

46
Q

What is stage 2

A 
Gets into blood / lymph
MSK - polyarthritis
Neurological
Radiculopathy - pain
Cranial neuropathy
Myelitis
47
Q

What is stage 3

A 
Chronic
Heart block
Myocarditis
MSK 
Neuro 
Encephalitis
Meningitis
48
Q

What is EM

A

Present 3-90 days after
Classic bulls eye
Not painful or itchy

49
Q

What do you do if see EM

A

Treat empirical

50
Q

What is acrodermatitis chronic atroficins

A

Blush red discolouration of distal extremities
Peripheral neuropathy
Late disseminated (months - years)

51
Q

What is lymphocytoma

A

Bluish solitary painless nodules on ear lobe

Early disseminated

52
Q

What is neuroborreliosis

A 
Facial nerve palsy
Radicular pain worse at night
Ataxia 
Neuropathy 
Lymphocytic meningitis
Early dissemenitated
53
Q

When does NB occur

A

2-5 weeks after bite

54
Q

How do you Dx Lyme’s

A

Clinicam EM

ELISA (serology) if no EM = 1st line

55
Q

What do you do ifELISA +ve

A

Immunoblot

56
Q

What does arthritis cause

A

High serology titre from synovium

57
Q

Other tests

A

LP
MRI if CNS
Nerve conduction

58
Q

How do you treat

A

Oral doxycycline or amox 3 weeks

IV ceftruoxime if dissmeniated

59
Q

What causes leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

60
Q

How does it present

A

Skin
Neuro
Hypopigmentation
Sensory loss

61
Q

How do you Rx

A

Triple therapy Ax

Infection (14 decks)

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