Zoonoses

Question 1

What are Zoonoses

Answer 1

Infections transmitted between living animal / vertebrae and human

Question 2

What is anthroponosis

Answer 2

Humans infecting animals

Question 3

What causes Anthrax disease

Answer 3

Bacillus Anthraxis

Found in infected carcases

Question 4

How does Anthrax present

Answer 4

Painless black eschar (malignant pustule)
Oedema
GI bleeding

Question 5

How do you Rx

Answer 5

Ciprofloxacin

Question 6

What causes Cat Scratch disease

Answer 6

Bartonella Henselae

Found on cats

Question 7

How does it present

Answer 7

Fever
Headache
Malaise
LN

Question 8

What causes Rabies and how is it transmitted

Answer 8

Lyssa virus - travels up nerves to CNS 
Transmitted by bite 
Dogs
Monkeys
Bats
Racoons

Question 9

What is the incubation of Rabies

Answer 9

2 weeks - months

Question 10

How does Rabies present

Answer 10

Malaise / lethargy 
Headache
Fever
Mania
Overproduction of saliva
Hydrophobia - can't swallow 
Acute encephalitis
Resp failure
Coma

Question 11

How do you Dx

Answer 11

PCR saliva or CSF

Brain biopsy post mortem

Question 12

How do you Rx Rabies if animal bite in at risk country

Answer 12

Rabies diploid vaccine if travelling to country
Clean and disinfect wound
Human rabies Ig + 4 doses of vaccine over 4 days

Question 13

What causes Brucellosis

Answer 13

Gram -ve rod
Occupational hazard of farmer
Milking
Handing carcases
Unpasteurized dairy

Question 14

What is incubation

Answer 14

5-30 days

Question 15

How does it prevent acutely

Answer 15

Flu symptoms
Fever
Sweating
Weakness
Headache
Anorexia
Splenomegaly

Question 16

How does chronic brucellosis

Answer 16

Arthtiritis
Endocarditis
Meningism
Depression

Question 17

How do you Dx

Answer 17

Serology

Question 18

How do you Rx

Answer 18

Doxycycline
Rifampicin
Gentamicin

Question 19

What do you do if CNS disease

Answer 19

Co-trimoxazole

Question 20

What is more common than Brucellosis

Answer 20

Leptospirosis / Well’s disease

Question 21

What causes Leptospirsos

Answer 21

Spirochete
Found in farm animals
Contact with contaminated water - rats urine

Question 22

What is the incubation

Answer 22

2-30 days

Question 23

What are the symptoms of L.hardjjo (cattle)

Answer 23

Fever
Meningism
No jaundice
Self limiting

Question 24

What are the symptoms of L.itcterohaerrhagic (rat)

Answer 24

Febrile flu
Fever
Myalgia
Headache
Cough
CHest pain
Hepatitis + jaundice
Renal failure
Subconjunctival haemorrhage

Question 25

How do you Dx

Answer 25

ELISA blood PCR Culture

Question 26

How do you Rx

Answer 26

Doxycycline IV penicillin if severe Dialysis Ventilation

Question 27

What is Weils disease

Answer 27

Jaundice AKI Pulmonary haemorrhage / bleeding

Question 28

What causes Q-fever

Answer 28

Coxiella burnetti | Shearing of animals

Question 29

How does Q-fever present

Answer 29

``` 2-30 day incubation Febrile flu LN Culture -ve endocarditis Hepatitis + jaundice Atypical pneumonia Encephalitis ```

Question 30

How do you Dx

Answer 30

Serology | Culture -ve

Question 31

How do you Rx

Answer 31

Ax if endocarditis | Self limiting

Question 32

What causes psittacosis

Answer 32

Chlamydia psittaci | Birds

Question 33

What does it cause

Answer 33

``` Pneumonia - 5-15 days Flu Hepatitis Myocarditis Encephalitis Meninigits ```

Question 34

How do you Dx

Answer 34

Serology

Question 35

What causes toxoplasmosis

Answer 35

Parasite toxoplasma gondii | Cats

Question 36

What does toxoplasmosis cause acutely

Answer 36

``` Mild Glandular fever like Fever Cough Rash ```

Question 37

If toxoplasmosis becomes chronic if immunocompromised what does it cause

Answer 37

LN Encephlitis SOL Brain abscess - focal neuropathy

Question 38

Who is at risk

Answer 38

HIV | Pregnant

Question 39

How do you Dx

Answer 39

Serology - IgM | Blood film

Question 40

What is shown on blood film

Answer 40

Atypical mononuclear cells

Question 41

What is toxoplasmosis till otherwise proven

Answer 41

Brain abscess

Question 42

How do you Rx

Answer 42

Co-trimoxazole Tetrayccline Sulphonamide

Question 43

What are congenital complications

Answer 43

``` Hydrocephalus Microphthalmos Microcephaly Convulsions Calcification ```

Question 44

What causes Lyme's

Answer 44

Borelli burgdoferi spiroche | Spread by a tick (Ixodes Ricinus)

Question 45

What is stage 1

Answer 45

Erythema migrans Flu Fever Arthralgia

Question 46

What is stage 2

Answer 46

``` Gets into blood / lymph MSK - polyarthritis Neurological Radiculopathy - pain Cranial neuropathy Myelitis ```

Question 47

What is stage 3

Answer 47

``` Chronic Heart block Myocarditis MSK Neuro Encephalitis Meningitis ```

Question 48

What is EM

Answer 48

Present 3-90 days after Classic bulls eye Not painful or itchy

Question 49

What do you do if see EM

Answer 49

Treat empirical

Question 50

What is acrodermatitis chronic atroficins

Answer 50

Blush red discolouration of distal extremities Peripheral neuropathy Late disseminated (months - years)

Question 51

What is lymphocytoma

Answer 51

Bluish solitary painless nodules on ear lobe | Early disseminated

Question 52

What is neuroborreliosis

Answer 52

``` Facial nerve palsy Radicular pain worse at night Ataxia Neuropathy Lymphocytic meningitis Early dissemenitated ```

Question 53

When does NB occur

Answer 53

2-5 weeks after bite

Question 54

How do you Dx Lyme's

Answer 54

Clinicam EM | ELISA (serology) if no EM = 1st line

Question 55

What do you do ifELISA +ve

Answer 55

Immunoblot

Question 56

What does arthritis cause

Answer 56

High serology titre from synovium

Question 57

Other tests

Answer 57

LP MRI if CNS Nerve conduction

Question 58

How do you treat

Answer 58

Oral doxycycline or amox 3 weeks | IV ceftruoxime if dissmeniated

Question 59

What causes leprosy

Answer 59

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 60

How does it present

Answer 60

Skin Neuro Hypopigmentation Sensory loss

Question 61

How do you Rx

Answer 61

Triple therapy Ax