Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What group of Ax target cell wall synthesis of bacteria

A 
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenem 
Glycopeptides
Daptomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What Ax have B-lactam ring

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Ax group target DNA synthesis

A

Quinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What Ax group target RNA synthesis

A

Rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What Ax group target protein synthesis

A 
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides 
Tetracycline 
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Oxazolidones - Linezolid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What Ax group target folic acid synthesis

A

Sulfonmamides
Trimethoprim
Co-trimox = combination of both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can Ax be

A

Bactericidal - kill

Bacteriostatic - stop reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is better

A

Use bactericidal

Esp if severe infection or immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do you think when choosing Ax

A 
Likely organism
Empirical vs results 
Known resistance
Guidelines vs individual need
Bactercidal vs static
Single or combination 
SE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you think about for the regime

A 
Route 
Dose
SE
Duration
IV to oral switch
Inpatient or OP
Drug monitoring needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When would you do oral over IV

A

No vomiting
No GI disturbance
No shock or organ dysfunction
Non-severe infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When do you consider IV-oral switch

A

After 48 hours if

  • improving
  • able to tolerate oral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What criteria should be met

A

Able to swallow and tolerate fluid
Temp 36-38 for 48 hours
HR <100 for 12 hours
WCC 4-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When would you continue IV

A

Oral compromised
Continuing sepsis
Special indication
Febrile neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can bacteria acquire resistance

A 
Acquire gene that inactivate
Alternative metabolic pathway 
Alteration of target site so Ax can't bind
Decreased permeability in cel wall 
AX removed from bacteria via pump
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do ESBL’s work

A

Acquire B-lactamase enzyme so penicillin’s will not work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are common organisms

A

Coliforms e.g E.coli / Klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is MRSA

A

SA resistance to B-lacytams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ax spectrum of gram +Ve

A 
MRSA
Staph 
Strep 
Enterococcus
Some anaerobes - strep / clostridia
20
Q

Ax spectrum of gram -ve

A 
Coliform - gut - E.coli
Resp - H.influenza, M-catarrhalis 
Pseudomona's 
ESBL
Atypical
Some anaerobes - Bacteriodes
21
Q

What do you say in OSCE

A

AS PER LOCAL POLICY

22
Q

What do you use for empirical

A

Broad spec Ax then narrow once sensitivities known

23
Q

How does gram +Ve stain on cultures

A

Purple as thick peptidoglycan wall that holds dye

24
Q

How does gram -ve stain

A

Pink as no wall so doesn’t hold dye

25
Q

What can bacteria be split up into

A 
Gram -ve Rods
Gram -ve Cocci
Gram -ve Anaerobes 
Gram +Ve Rod
Gram +ve Cocci 
Gram +Ve Anaerobes 
Atypicals 
Spirochaetes
26
Q

What are gram -ve rods that come from the gut i.e. coliform

A 
E.coli = most common 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
Salmonella
Shigella
Cambylocbacter 
Proteus
Vibro cholera
Klebsiella
27
Q

Other gram -ve rods

A

H.influenza
Bordetella pertussis
H.pylori
Legionella

28
Q

What are gram -ve Anaerobes

A

Bacteriodes fragillis = abscess

29
Q

What are common Rx for anaerobes

A

Metronidazole

30
Q

What are gram -ve cocci

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea
Neisseria meningitides
M.catarrhalis

31
Q

What are gram +ve rods

A 
ABCDLM
Acitnomyces
Bacillus anthrax
Clostridia = anaerobe
- Perfrinigen
- Tetani
- Botulinum
- Dfficile
Diptheria 
Listeria monocytogenes
32
Q

What are gram +ve staphylococci

A 
S.aureus = coagulase +Ve
S.epidermidits = coag -ve
33
Q

What is S.epidermidits

A

Usually contaminant of blood culture

Doesn’t usually cause issue unless metal work in bone / heart

34
Q

What do both organism cause and issue

A

Joint infections

Form biofilm which prevent Ax working

35
Q

What is MRSA

A

S.aureus that has become resistant to the beta-lactam Ax

36
Q

How do you prevent

A

Screen before surgery with nasal or groin swab

Eradicate with chlorhexidine

37
Q

What are Ax options for mRSA

A

Vancomycin
Doxycycline
Clindamycin

38
Q

What are gram +ve strep

A 
All catalase -ve
S.pyogenes (A) = beta haemolytic 
S.pneumonia = alpha haemolytic 
S.viridans - found in mouth so common after dental = alpha haemolytic 
Enterococcus faecalis = non-haemolytic
39
Q

What are gram +ve anaerobes

A

Clostridium
Listerai monocytogenes
Propionibacerium
Lactobacillus

40
Q

What are atypical

A

Cannot gram stain or be cultured

Ma be weakly gram +ve

41
Q

Examples

A 
Mycobacteriua - need ZN showing acid fast bacilli
- M.TB
- M. pneumonia
- M.avium
Legionella 
Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetti
42
Q

What are spirochaetes

A

Boreellia Burgdoferi
Treponema pallidum
Leptospirosis

43
Q

What are ESBL

A

Organism resistant to B-lactam Ax by producing beta lactase enzyme which destroy ring

44
Q

What organisms

A

E.coli
Klebsiella
Typically cause UTI

45
Q

What are they sensitive to

A

Carbapenem

Infection (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions