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Infection > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What group of Ax target cell wall synthesis of bacteria

A 
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenem 
Glycopeptides
Daptomycin
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2
Q

What Ax have B-lactam ring

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenem

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3
Q

What Ax group target DNA synthesis

A

Quinolones

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4
Q

What Ax group target RNA synthesis

A

Rifampicin

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5
Q

What Ax group target protein synthesis

A 
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides 
Tetracycline 
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Oxazolidones - Linezolid
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6
Q

What Ax group target folic acid synthesis

A

Sulfonmamides
Trimethoprim
Co-trimox = combination of both

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7
Q

What can Ax be

A

Bactericidal - kill

Bacteriostatic - stop reproduction

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8
Q

What is better

A

Use bactericidal

Esp if severe infection or immunocompromised

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9
Q

What do you think when choosing Ax

A 
Likely organism
Empirical vs results 
Known resistance
Guidelines vs individual need
Bactercidal vs static
Single or combination 
SE
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10
Q

What do you think about for the regime

A 
Route 
Dose
SE
Duration
IV to oral switch
Inpatient or OP
Drug monitoring needed
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11
Q

When would you do oral over IV

A

No vomiting
No GI disturbance
No shock or organ dysfunction
Non-severe infection

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12
Q

When do you consider IV-oral switch

A

After 48 hours if

  • improving
  • able to tolerate oral
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13
Q

What criteria should be met

A

Able to swallow and tolerate fluid
Temp 36-38 for 48 hours
HR <100 for 12 hours
WCC 4-12

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14
Q

When would you continue IV

A

Oral compromised
Continuing sepsis
Special indication
Febrile neutropenia

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15
Q

How can bacteria acquire resistance

A 
Acquire gene that inactivate
Alternative metabolic pathway 
Alteration of target site so Ax can't bind
Decreased permeability in cel wall 
AX removed from bacteria via pump
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16
Q

How do ESBL’s work

A

Acquire B-lactamase enzyme so penicillin’s will not work

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17
Q

What are common organisms

A

Coliforms e.g E.coli / Klebsiella

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18
Q

What is MRSA

A

SA resistance to B-lacytams

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19
Q

Ax spectrum of gram +Ve

A 
MRSA
Staph 
Strep 
Enterococcus
Some anaerobes - strep / clostridia
20
Q

Ax spectrum of gram -ve

A 
Coliform - gut - E.coli
Resp - H.influenza, M-catarrhalis 
Pseudomona's 
ESBL
Atypical
Some anaerobes - Bacteriodes
21
Q

What do you say in OSCE

A

AS PER LOCAL POLICY

22
Q

What do you use for empirical

A

Broad spec Ax then narrow once sensitivities known

23
Q

How does gram +Ve stain on cultures

A

Purple as thick peptidoglycan wall that holds dye

24
Q

How does gram -ve stain

A

Pink as no wall so doesn’t hold dye

25
Q

What can bacteria be split up into

A 
Gram -ve Rods
Gram -ve Cocci
Gram -ve Anaerobes 
Gram +Ve Rod
Gram +ve Cocci 
Gram +Ve Anaerobes 
Atypicals 
Spirochaetes
26
Q

What are gram -ve rods that come from the gut i.e. coliform

A 
E.coli = most common 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
Salmonella
Shigella
Cambylocbacter 
Proteus
Vibro cholera
Klebsiella
27
Q

Other gram -ve rods

A

H.influenza
Bordetella pertussis
H.pylori
Legionella

28
Q

What are gram -ve Anaerobes

A

Bacteriodes fragillis = abscess

29
Q

What are common Rx for anaerobes

A

Metronidazole

30
Q

What are gram -ve cocci

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea
Neisseria meningitides
M.catarrhalis

31
Q

What are gram +ve rods

A 
ABCDLM
Acitnomyces
Bacillus anthrax
Clostridia = anaerobe
- Perfrinigen
- Tetani
- Botulinum
- Dfficile
Diptheria 
Listeria monocytogenes
32
Q

What are gram +ve staphylococci

A 
S.aureus = coagulase +Ve
S.epidermidits = coag -ve
33
Q

What is S.epidermidits

A

Usually contaminant of blood culture

Doesn’t usually cause issue unless metal work in bone / heart

34
Q

What do both organism cause and issue

A

Joint infections

Form biofilm which prevent Ax working

35
Q

What is MRSA

A

S.aureus that has become resistant to the beta-lactam Ax

36
Q

How do you prevent

A

Screen before surgery with nasal or groin swab

Eradicate with chlorhexidine

37
Q

What are Ax options for mRSA

A

Vancomycin
Doxycycline
Clindamycin

38
Q

What are gram +ve strep

A 
All catalase -ve
S.pyogenes (A) = beta haemolytic 
S.pneumonia = alpha haemolytic 
S.viridans - found in mouth so common after dental = alpha haemolytic 
Enterococcus faecalis = non-haemolytic
39
Q

What are gram +ve anaerobes

A

Clostridium
Listerai monocytogenes
Propionibacerium
Lactobacillus

40
Q

What are atypical

A

Cannot gram stain or be cultured

Ma be weakly gram +ve

41
Q

Examples

A 
Mycobacteriua - need ZN showing acid fast bacilli
- M.TB
- M. pneumonia
- M.avium
Legionella 
Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetti
42
Q

What are spirochaetes

A

Boreellia Burgdoferi
Treponema pallidum
Leptospirosis

43
Q

What are ESBL

A

Organism resistant to B-lactam Ax by producing beta lactase enzyme which destroy ring

44
Q

What organisms

A

E.coli
Klebsiella
Typically cause UTI

45
Q

What are they sensitive to

A

Carbapenem

Infection (14 decks)

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