Zoonoses 2 - Pasteurella, Bartonella, Leptospira

Question 1

Pasteurella organism and staining

Answer 1

Minute gram negative coccobacilli

bipolar staining (but hard to see)

Question 2

Pasteurella metabolism and types

Answer 2

Facultative anaerobe, fastidious

Grows rapidly

4 capsular antigen types, A is the most common in humans

Question 3

Pasteurella clinical presentation

Answer 3

local or disseminated edematous soft-tissue abscess

rapidly progressive cellulitis

*Proximal streaking along a lymph track

Question 4

Pasteurella-related ____ is rare

Answer 4

PNA

Question 5

Pasteurella is ______ that becomes an opportunistic pathogen

Answer 5

normal flora

Question 6

Pasteurella animal clinical

Answer 6

fowl cholera (PNA)

shipping fever (cattle) - septicemia

snuffles (rabbits) –> Hemorrhagic PNA

Question 7

Pasteurella spread

Answer 7

• Animal bites (90% of cats, 70% of dogs)
• Fomites occasionally

Question 8

Pasteurella main virulence factor

What are the other ones?

Answer 8

Main = antophagocytic capsule

Others = pili, adhesins, Iron-Binding proteins

Question 9

Pasteurella ___ Macrophages (hyaluronic acid capsule)

Answer 9

adhere to

(are NOT engulfed)

Question 10

Pasteurella in vivo/vitro growth are…

Answer 10

equally fast

Question 11

Pasteurella susceptibility to ABX

Answer 11

low b/c intracellular

Question 12

Pasteurella ABX

Answer 12

pen/amp

or

ceph + tetracycline

Question 13

Remember, most animal bite infections are…

Answer 13

polymicrobial

Question 14

Bartonella organism

Looks like…

Answer 14

Gram negative rod (small)

Looks like rickettsia, but grows on lab media

Question 15

Bartonella attachment protein attaches to

Answer 15

feline RBC’s

spread by fleas

Question 16

Bartonella is ____ in humans but not RBC’s

Answer 16

intracellular

Question 17

Bartonella henselae disease

Answer 17

Cat Scratch Disease

• papule at inoculation site
• swelling and fever
• Regional lymph node involvement
• culture-negative endocarditis​

Question 18

Bartonella quintana disease

Answer 18

Trench fever (homeless fever)

= 5 day recurring fever, headache, lymphadenopathy

Question 19

Disease caused by all types of Bartonella (including bacilliformis)

Answer 19

Bacillary angiomatosis

• Higher incidence in AIDS patients
• proliferates in small spherical blood vessels in an inflamed endothelial background
• papular / tumoral lesion

Question 20

Bartonella henslae transmitted by

Answer 20

cat scratches or bites

**#1 cause of localized lymph swelling in US children

Question 21

Bartonella quintana spread by

Answer 21

human head and body lice

20% homeless infection rate

Question 22

Bartonella pathogenic factors

Answer 22

• Outer membrane binding protein
• Penetration of endothelial cells (T4SS + Effector protein)
• Stimulate NF-kB production and induce apoptosis by producing CSF

Question 23

Bartonella treatment

Answer 23

(often none for cat scratch disease)

Azithromycin +/- Rifampin for bacillary angiomatosis

Question 24

• Leptospira interrogans shape
• Growth
• Energy requirement
• Visualization

Answer 24

• Spirochete (thin) with Endoflagella
• Easily grown (6 days)
• ALL ENERGY from LCFA’s
• Hard to see with Dark Field, better with Scanning EM

Question 25

Leptospira clinical - stages?

Answer 25

initial and second stage _Initial_ * **fever** (bacteremia) * capillary **vasculitis** and **edema** organs (LEAK RBC and serum = **petechiae**) _Secondary_ (10%) * **Jaundice** from liver failure * **Nitrogen retention** from kidney medulla destruction * **Bloodshot** eyes * **Meningitis** (rare) * **Nausea** and vomiting from organ fail

Question 26

Secondary leptospirosis a.k.a.

Answer 26

Weil's disease

Question 27

Initial Leptospira bacteremia does not hit...

Answer 27

liver, kidney, CNS, eyes

Question 28

Leptospira shed via... Acquired via... Also spread via...

Answer 28

* infected kidney shedding into water (organism can persist for weeks) * Ingesting contaminated water * Animal urine (rats + dogs)

Question 29

Leptospira toxin

Answer 29

none! just LPS and PG

Question 30

Leptospira ____ growth is possible

Answer 30

intracellular

Question 31

Leptospira pathogenesis is primarily due to \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ organs are more infected.

Answer 31

due to _endothelial damage in capillaries_ _Highly perfused_ organs

Question 32

Leptospira ABX effective? Which ones? Prophylaxis?

Answer 32

* Limited use because disease is mostly inflammatory (give corticosteroids) * _Macrolides_ or _quinolones_ * _Doxy_ for prophylaxis

Question 33

Other Leptospira control measures (2)

Answer 33

avoid rat-contaminated water vaccinate dogs with **distemper-hepatitis-leptospirosis vaccine**