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Bacteriology Lectures > Zoonoses 2 - Pasteurella, Bartonella, Leptospira > Flashcards

Zoonoses 2 - Pasteurella, Bartonella, Leptospira Flashcards

1
Q

Pasteurella organism and staining

A

Minute gram negative coccobacilli

bipolar staining (but hard to see)

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2
Q

Pasteurella metabolism and types

A

Facultative anaerobe, fastidious

Grows rapidly

4 capsular antigen types, A is the most common in humans

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3
Q

Pasteurella clinical presentation

A

local or disseminated edematous soft-tissue abscess

rapidly progressive cellulitis

*Proximal streaking along a lymph track

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4
Q

Pasteurella-related ____ is rare

A

PNA

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5
Q

Pasteurella is ______ that becomes an opportunistic pathogen

A

normal flora

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6
Q

Pasteurella animal clinical

A

fowl cholera (PNA)

shipping fever (cattle) - septicemia

snuffles (rabbits) –> Hemorrhagic PNA

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7
Q

Pasteurella spread

A
  • Animal bites (90% of cats, 70% of dogs)
  • Fomites occasionally
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8
Q

Pasteurella main virulence factor

What are the other ones?

A

Main = antophagocytic capsule

Others = pili, adhesins, Iron-Binding proteins

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9
Q

Pasteurella ___ Macrophages (hyaluronic acid capsule)

A

adhere to

(are NOT engulfed)

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10
Q

Pasteurella in vivo/vitro growth are…

A

equally fast

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11
Q

Pasteurella susceptibility to ABX

A

low b/c intracellular

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12
Q

Pasteurella ABX

A

pen/amp

or

ceph + tetracycline

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13
Q

Remember, most animal bite infections are…

A

polymicrobial

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14
Q

Bartonella organism

Looks like…

A

Gram negative rod (small)

Looks like rickettsia, but grows on lab media

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15
Q

Bartonella attachment protein attaches to

A

feline RBC’s

spread by fleas

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16
Q

Bartonella is ____ in humans but not RBC’s

A

intracellular

17
Q

Bartonella henselae disease

A

Cat Scratch Disease

  • papule at inoculation site
  • swelling and fever
  • Regional lymph node involvement
  • culture-negative endocarditis​
18
Q

Bartonella quintana disease

A

Trench fever (homeless fever)

= 5 day recurring fever, headache, lymphadenopathy

19
Q

Disease caused by all types of Bartonella (including bacilliformis)

A

Bacillary angiomatosis

  • Higher incidence in AIDS patients
  • proliferates in small spherical blood vessels in an inflamed endothelial background
  • papular / tumoral lesion
20
Q

Bartonella henslae transmitted by

A

cat scratches or bites

**#1 cause of localized lymph swelling in US children

21
Q

Bartonella quintana spread by

A

human head and body lice

20% homeless infection rate

22
Q

Bartonella pathogenic factors

A
  • Outer membrane binding protein
  • Penetration of endothelial cells (T4SS + Effector protein)
  • Stimulate NF-kB production and induce apoptosis by producing CSF
23
Q

Bartonella treatment

A

(often none for cat scratch disease)

Azithromycin +/- Rifampin for bacillary angiomatosis

24
Q
  • Leptospira interrogans shape
  • Growth
  • Energy requirement
  • Visualization
A
  • Spirochete (thin) with Endoflagella
  • Easily grown (6 days)
  • ALL ENERGY from LCFA’s
  • Hard to see with Dark Field, better with Scanning EM
25
Q

Leptospira clinical - stages?

A

initial and second stage

Initial

  • fever (bacteremia)
  • capillary vasculitis and edema organs (LEAK RBC and serum = petechiae)

Secondary (10%)

  • Jaundice from liver failure
  • Nitrogen retention from kidney medulla destruction
  • Bloodshot eyes
  • Meningitis (rare)
  • Nausea and vomiting from organ fail
26
Q

Secondary leptospirosis a.k.a.

A

Weil’s disease

27
Q

Initial Leptospira bacteremia does not hit…

A

liver, kidney, CNS, eyes

28
Q

Leptospira shed via…

Acquired via…

Also spread via…

A
  • infected kidney shedding into water (organism can persist for weeks)
  • Ingesting contaminated water
  • Animal urine (rats + dogs)
29
Q

Leptospira toxin

A

none! just LPS and PG

30
Q

Leptospira ____ growth is possible

A

intracellular

31
Q

Leptospira pathogenesis is primarily due to ______

______ organs are more infected.

A

due to endothelial damage in capillaries

Highly perfused organs

32
Q

Leptospira ABX effective?

Which ones?

Prophylaxis?

A
  • Limited use because disease is mostly inflammatory (give corticosteroids)
  • Macrolides or quinolones
  • Doxy for prophylaxis
33
Q

Other Leptospira control measures (2)

A

avoid rat-contaminated water

vaccinate dogs with distemper-hepatitis-leptospirosis vaccine

Bacteriology Lectures (14 decks)

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