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Bacteriology Lectures > Zoonoses 1 - Bacillus, Brucella, Francisella > Flashcards

Zoonoses 1 - Bacillus, Brucella, Francisella Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus organism appearance

A

G+ rods

Chains, palisades, clumps

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2
Q

Bacillus metabolic features

A
  • Sporulation
  • Aerobic (some have butanediol or lactate fermentation)
  • Found in soil or on leaves
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3
Q

B. cereus causes ____

A

acute food poisoning

*NOT a zoonosis

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4
Q

B. cereus organism appearance (microscopic and on plate)

A

“Subterminal” spores

Large, flat, rough colonies on agar

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5
Q

Two varieties of B. cereus

A
  1. Emetic = like staph, acute onet, nausea + cramps. 12 hour recovery
  2. Diarrheal = slow onset, profuse diarrhea, no vomit.
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6
Q

B. cereus source

A

Cooked rice and pasta that has been cooled too slowly

*spores germinate and produce toxin

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7
Q

B. cereus toxins

A

emetic toxin

K+ ionophore

3 enterotoxins

Hemolytic

Non-hemolytic

Cytotoxin

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8
Q

Bacillus zoonotic organism

A

B. anthracis

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9
Q

B. anthracis organism appearance (microscopic and on plate)

A

Central spores

Cut glass appearance on blood agar

NO hemolysis

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10
Q

B. anthracis contains a _______ capsule.

What stains for this?

A

poly-D-glutamate

*M’Fadyean’s stain

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11
Q

B. anthracis presents as _____–> _______

Then it becomes ______

It is able to _________

A

Papule —> eschar

systemic (disseminates)

_infect any organ _

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12
Q

B. anthracis spores are viable in ____ for ______

A

soil for >50 years

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13
Q

Human infection of B. anthracis comes from _____ or ______

A

handling infected animal materials (spores coming in contact with mucous membranes)

OR

Enters through abrasions

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14
Q

Spore life cycle of B. anthracis

A
  1. Enter MQ
  2. Germinate within phagolysosome when exposed to Oxygen radicals
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15
Q

B. anthracis toxin

A

Tripartite AB-type toxin

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16
Q

Three parts of B. anthracis toxin

A

B part = Protective antigen = binds and facilitates entry

A parts:

Lethal Factor = MAPK protease (causes the necrosis)

Edema Factor = Calmodulin-dependent adenyl cyclase (makes cAMP, causes secretion of water into tissues)

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17
Q

B. anthracis toxin is carried on _____

The capsule is carried on ______

A

pX01

pX02

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18
Q

Both virulence factors of B. anthracis (toxin and capsid) are ______

Which one is necessary for full virulence?

A

plasma-encoded

need both for full virulence

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19
Q

B. anthracis antibiotics

A

Penicillin (Cutanteous)

Doxy

Ciprofloxacin

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20
Q

B. anthracis vaccines

A

Live = from pX02-cured strain

PA Toxoid vaccine for military

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21
Q

B. anthracis preventive measures for stockmen?

A

Livestock vaccination and protective clothing

22
Q

Passive immunity for B. anthracis possible?

A

Yes, new trials of anthrax immunoglobulin

23
Q

Brucella organism

A

gram negative aerobic coccobacillus

24
Q

Brucella growth, motility, and metabolism/location

A

slow growth

nonmotile

Facultative intracellular parasite

25
Q

Brucella lives inside

A

MQ and PMN

(associated with granulomas)

26
Q

Brucella species

A

melitensis

abortus

suis

canis

27
Q

Brucella incubation

A

1-6 weeks

(can be months)

28
Q

Brucella clinical features (three main ones, then a few others)

A
  • undulant fever
  • granuloma
  • long term debility

(also general weakness, psychoneuroses, malaise)

29
Q

Brucella causes ____ in cattle.

How does this happen?

A

abortions

  • bacteria bind to erythritol on testes or placenta
  • forms foci that detach microvilli
30
Q

Brucella in ungulates

A

Bang’s disease

31
Q

Brucella transmited from male ungulates via

A

semen

32
Q

Humans acquire Brucella via what three methods

A

infected milk

handling animals

lab accident!!!

33
Q

Brucella Dx

A

blood sample and serology or culture

34
Q

How does Brucella spread in body?

A

from portal of entry via lymphatics and bloodstream

35
Q

Brucella does not form an…

A

endotoxin.

Disease is caused by an inflammatory response to bacterial growth

36
Q

What causes undulant fever in Brucella

A

due to release from MQ and general host response to increased infectious titer

37
Q

Brucella control (2)

A
  • pasturized milk
  • eradication from herds (immunization, segregation, testing and slaughtering of infected animals)
38
Q

Brucella antibiotics

A

Doxy + Rifampin +/- streptomycin

***Limited effectiveness because of intracellular location

39
Q

Brucella vaccine

A

NOT in US, because of LPS toxicity

Live vaccine in russia

40
Q

Francisella organism, shape, growth and metabolism

A
  • gram negative coccobacillus
  • Pleomorphic
  • slow growth
  • fastidious requirements (Cysteine)
41
Q

Francisella incubation

A

2-6 days

42
Q

Francisella primary presentation (4 Sx)

A
  • inflamed ulcerated papule at infection site
  • Fever
  • Toxemia
  • Abcess (liver, spleen, lungs, lymph nodes)
43
Q

Francisella reservoirs

A

Type A = Rabbits

Type B = Beaver + Rodents

*type A is more severe…“Rabbit fever”

44
Q

Francisella human transmission (4)

A
  • Skinning infected animals
  • Aerosol inhalation from carcass
  • Ticks/Deerflies
  • Laboratory hazards
45
Q

Francisella infectious dose?

A

10 bacteria!

46
Q

Other Francisella Epidemiological facts

A
  • Weaponized in WW2
  • Need P3 comtainment lab to grow it
47
Q

Francisella pathogenic factors (4)

A

capsule that resists complement

coiling phagocytosis into MQ

PAI

LPS

48
Q

Coiling phagocytosis into MQ prevents

A

oxidative burst

49
Q

Francisella grows in ___ and ___

A

MQ and PMN

*grows to high titer even in epithelial cells

50
Q

What is a PAI (Francisella)?

What does it contain?

A

pathogenicity island

contains: 17 genes, T4SS + effectors (MQ survival)

51
Q

Francisella control, antibiotics and vaccine

A
  • isolation of lab organisms + careful skinning
  • Doxy, cipro, gentamycin
  • Live cell vaccine for military

Bacteriology Lectures (14 decks)

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