Zoonoses

Question 1

What is the preferred method of diagnosing ringworm?

Answer 1

(Fungal culture using a DTM plate)

Question 2

Animals being treated for dermatophytosis should be isolated and treated until when?

Answer 2

(Until you get 2 negative cultures)

Question 3

(T/F) Most puppies and kittens, especially ones brought in from outside or shelters, should be dewormed for round and hookworms especially if a fecal is not run.

Answer 3

(T, should deworm with pyrantel pamoate every 2 weeks for 2-4 doses bc they are both zoonotic)

Question 4

What VTH color dot would be appropriate for a neonatal kitten?

Answer 4

(Yellow → patients at high risk for acquiring infections due to poor immune status, examples are critically ill, immunocompromised, unvaccinated, FPT neonates, neonates in general, and ICU patients)

Question 5

What VTH color dot would be appropriate for a cat coming in for a routine spay procedure?

Answer 5

(Green → patient with no historical, physical or laboratory evidence of contagious disease, examples are elective surgical procedures, non-infectious dz work-ups, minor trauma, ancillary diagnostics)

Question 6

(T/F) Green dot patient management in the VTH should be performed prior to all other dot colors.

Answer 6

(F, should be second to yellow dots)

Question 7

(T/F) If there is any question regarding the possibility of contagious disease risk, patients should automatically be considered an orange dot at the VTH.

Answer 7

(T, this is until appropriate diagnostics can be run and they can be moved to another color)

Question 8

(T/F) Chlorhexidine should be diluted and it is effective against bacteria and some viruses.

Answer 8

(T, not effective against nonenveloped viruses or dermatophyte)

Question 9

(T/F) Alcohol should be diluted and it is effective against bacteria and some viruses.

Answer 9

(F, should not be diluted; also not effective against parvo or dermatophyte)

Question 10

What is the spectrum of coverage for quaternary ammonium?

Answer 10

(Gram positives and negatives, enveloped viruses, and giardia cysts; does not cover nonenveloped viruses or dermatophyte)

Question 11

(T/F) Bleach covers all viruses, bacteria, spores, and dermatophyte at high concentrations and has good efficacy in organic debris.

Answer 11

(F, significantly inactivated by organic matter)

Question 12

(T/F) Potassium peroxymonosulfate covers all viruses, bacteria, spores, and dermatophyte and has good efficacy in organic debris.

Answer 12

(T)

Question 13

(T/F) Disinfection may not kill all bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.

Answer 13

(T, only sterilization can do this)

Question 14

(T/F) If you are planning on sanitizing an area, you do not need to clean out organic material prior.

Answer 14

(F, if an area you plan to sanitize is soiled with organic material you must clean first)

Question 15

What level of sanitation is accomplished by physical removal of organic debris and then washing with soap and water?

Answer 15

(Cleaning)

Question 16

What is the most common causative agent associated with hospitalization due to an animal bite, besides the trauma associated?

Answer 16

(Pasteurella multocida)

Question 17

(T/F) Pasteurella multocida is associated with both dog and cat bite wounds.

Answer 17

(F, yes for cat wounds but no for dogs, dog bite wounds usually have Pasteurella canis)

Question 18

What is the causative agent of gram-negative sepsis which results from dog bites in immunocompromised individuals; this organism is found in the oral cavity of dogs, cats, and ruminants and has a tropism for the endocardium and vascular endothelium?

Answer 18

(Capnocytophaga canimorus)

Question 19

What is the causative agent of cat scratch disease?

Answer 19

(Bartonella henselae)

Question 20

(T/F) Cat scratch disease can be acquired via cat scratches, cat bites, and/or cats licking wounds.

Answer 20

(T)

Question 21

What populations of humans are more likely to get bacillary angiomatosis, a proliferation of small blood vessels in skin and visceral organs, as a result of cat scratch disease?

Answer 21

(Immunocompromised individuals, Dr. P specifically mentioned HIV+ individuals)

Question 22

(T/F) Cats are asymptomatic carriers of Bartonella henselae.

Answer 22

(T)

Question 23

(T/F) The disease associated with cat scratch disease, tender regional lymphadenopathy without lymphangitis that begins with a papule or skin pustule and unilateral lymphadenitis, is usually benign and self-limiting.

Answer 23

(T)

Question 24

What type of testing can be used to diagnose cat scratch disease? Two answers.

Answer 24

(Serology and PCR)

Question 25

(T/F) Leptospirosis does not reproduce outside of a host.

Answer 25

(T)

Question 26

What is a dogs’ biggest risk factor for obtaining a leptospirosis infection?

Answer 26

(Contact with wildlife and/or rodents)

Question 27

How is leptospirosis shed from carrier animals?

Answer 27

(In their urine)

Question 28

(T/F) Rabies can be acquired from contact with virus infected saliva, CNS tissue, peripheral nervous tissue, and blood.

Answer 28

(F, rabies is not associated with viremia so you cannot obtain it from blood, all else true)

Question 29

(T/F) Ferrets are not required by law in VA to be vaccinated for rabies.

Answer 29

(T, there are USDA labeled products and they should be encouraged but it is not legally required)

Question 30

Why is there a required 10 day quarantine associated with a human being bitten by a domestic animal whether vaccinated against rabies or not?

Answer 30

(Bc rabies can be shed up to 10 days prior to manifestation of clinical signs → if the animals does not show any signs in 10 days, you’re good but if anything suspicious happens in that 10 days, it needs to see a vet and may be euthanized and have its head sent off to be tested)

Question 31

Your dog, Phideaux (pronounced Fido), is bitten by a racoon while you are walking on the Huckleberry trail and the racoon scrambles off before you can do anything. You’re a good dog owner and Phideaux is up to date on their rabies so when you take Phideaux to the vet, they receive a booster. How long do you need to keep Phideaux under observation and confinement?

Answer 31

(45 days → if Phideaux becomes ill in this time period, will need to take them to a vet and there is a possibility of euthanasia and sending the head off, if Phideaux dies in that time period, their head is sent off to be tested)

Question 32

(T/F) Any unvaccinated dog, cat, or ferret that is exposed to a proven or potentially rabid animal should be humanely euthanized.

Answer 32

(T, should be, but the owner can refuse and will then need to keep the dog or cat in isolation for 4 months or the ferret in strict isolation for 6 months)

Question 33

In the case of an unvaccinated dog, cat, or ferret being exposed to rabies, how quickly should they receive a rabies vaccine if the owner refuses to euthanize?

Answer 33

(Within 96 hours)

Question 34

Your dog, Notorious D.O.G., is bitten by a racoon while you are walking on the Huckleberry trail and the racoon scrambles off before you can do anything. You’re a bad dog owner and Notorious is not up to date on their rabies but you have an old rabies certificate in your car. How does this change the response to this situation in terms of what the vet will do when you take Notorious there?

Answer 34

(Nothing changes, published data demonstrates that previously vaccinated dogs and cats will mount a robust response to a booster rabies vaccination despite being out-of-date so Notorious will get a booster and you’ll have to confine for 45 days just like if Notorious was up to date)

Question 35

Your dog, Bark Twain, is bitten by a racoon while you are walking on the Huckleberry [Finn] trail and the racoon scrambles off before you can do anything. You’re a bad dog owner and Bark is not up to date on their rabies. You also know you don’t have any previous rabies certificates since you were seeing a back alley vet for cost reasons and they had a ‘burn after reading’ policy. How does this change the response to this situation in terms of what the vet will do when you take Bark there?

Answer 35

(Bark will be treated as if they are unvaccinated so will get a rabies vaccine and need to be isolated for 4 months; there are some serological testing expectations but it is not bolded)

Question 36

What are your two options if a cow in one of your not vaccinated for rabies herds is exposed to a rabid animal?

Answer 36

(They can be immediately custom slaughtered (cannot be sent for normal slaughter) or they can be confined and observed for 6 months)