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Zoonitics Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

RMSF

A

rickettsie ricketsii

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2
Q

epidemic typhus

A

riskettsie prowazeki

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3
Q

murine typhus

A

rickettsia typhi

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4
Q

human monocytic erlichosis

A

Erlichia chaffeensis

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5
Q

anaplasmosis

A

anaplasma phgocytophilia

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6
Q

Q fever

A

coxiella burnetii

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7
Q

lyme disease

A

borrelia burgdorferi

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8
Q

relapsing fever

A

borrelia hermsii

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9
Q

leptospirosis

A

leptospira interrogans

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10
Q

cat scratch disease

A

bartonella henslae

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11
Q

anthax

A

bacillus anthracis

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12
Q

meliodosis

A

burkholderia psudomallei

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13
Q

tularemia

A

francisella tularensis

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14
Q

plague

A

yersinia pestis

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15
Q

dog ticks is main vesctor

A

rickettsia rickettsii

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16
Q

Most cases are in GA, NC, VA, children, and in spring and summer

A

rmsf–> risckettsia rickettsii

95% of rickettsial dz in US

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17
Q

rash starts in wrists and spread to palms–> then to trunk/abdomen

A

RMSF–> rickettsia rickettsii

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18
Q

weil-felix test

A

detects Rickettsia rickettsii–> antibodies in pt serum cross-react with proteus species

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19
Q

tx for RMSF

A

doxycycline

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20
Q

transmitted by lice feces

A

rickettsie prowazekii

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21
Q

virtually absent from US

A

rickettsia prowazekii

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22
Q

spreads from trunk to extremities–> not found on palms/soles

A

epidemic typhus

Rickettsia prowazekii

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23
Q

tx for epidemic typhus

A

doxycycline or tetracycline

chloramphenicol also

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24
Q

transmitted to humans by rat flea, small mammals are reservoirs (rats and opossums)

A

endemic (murine) typhus

Rickettsia typhi

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25
Q

tx for endemic typhus

A

doxycyline

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26
Q

clinical course of endemic typhus

A

mild…much more than epidemic typhus….low mortality rate

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27
Q

two agents which cause southern tick-born disease

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Anaplasma phagocytophilia

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28
Q

distribution for anaplamsosis and ehrlichiosis

A

OVERLAP!!

south-east portion of US and california

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29
Q

vector for Ehrlichiosis

A

Lone Star deer tick

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30
Q

vector for anaplasmosis

A

black-legged or Ixodes ticks

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31
Q

replicates in monocytes, inclusions are called morulae

A

Human Monocytic Ehrlicosis

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

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32
Q

blood smear shows morulae in monocytes

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

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33
Q

tx for Human monocytic ehrlishiosis

A

doxycyline

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34
Q

rocky mountain spotless fever

A

anaplasma phagocytophilia

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35
Q

murulae in granulocytes

A

anaplasma phagocytophilia

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36
Q

transmitted by Ixodes ticks (black legged ticks)

A

anaplasma phagocytophilia

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37
Q

tx for anaplasmosis

A

doxycycline

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38
Q

mortality rate for southern born tick diseases

A

LOW less than 1.8% for Ehrlishiosis and less than 1% for anaplasmosis

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39
Q

gram negative bacillus that is an obligate intracellular parasite…mre closely linkes to legionella in the way it causes disease

A

coxiella burnetii-> q fever

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40
Q

primarily from sheep, cattle and goats

A

Coxiella burnetii

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41
Q

typically transmitted to humans via contaminated milk or those in contact with contaminated animal viscer..such as giving birth
*can also be due to a tick)
also has a spore form that can be aerosolized

A

Coxiella burnetii

ID50 IS EXTREMELY LOW– LESS THAN 10 UNITS

42
Q

in general all these diseases carry a higher mortality rate in the

A

pneumonic form vs the cutaenous form of disease

43
Q

Q fever prevalent in….

A

arkansas-midwest–AGRICULTURAL STATES

44
Q

ACUTE Q FEVER

A

30-50% asymptomatic
or
Acute febrile illness…whe pneumonic….atypical pneumonia 2-4 weeks
<2% mortality rate

45
Q

Chronic Q fever

A

granulomatous hepatitis
endocarditis
100% fatal if untreated
(due to the intracellular nature of this organism it can go latent/chronic)

46
Q

tx of q fever

A

Doxycycline

*most will resovle spontneous, but doxy will speed things up and decrease risk of chronic infection

47
Q

name the spirochetes

A

Borrelia and Leptospira

*borrelia burgdorferi is the most important

48
Q

vector for borrelia burgdorferi

A

Ixodes scapularis-> MW and East Coast

Ixodes pacificus on west coast

49
Q

80% of lyme dz cases are in what 4 states

A

NY, CT, PA NJ

50
Q

main reservoir of lyme disease

A

WHITE FOOTED MOUSE–>small mammals

51
Q

Transmission usually during summer months, nyphal stage tick feeding time–> bite must last 24-28 hours

A

Borellia burgdorferi

Lyme Disease

52
Q

most common vector-borne dz in the US

A

lyme disease

53
Q

how does borrelia burgdorferi adapt to survival in many different hosts

A

antigenic veriation of its OSP’s

54
Q

erythema chronicum migrans
3-30 DAYS AFTER TICK Bite
PAINLESS
NON-PRURITIC

A

STAGE ONE: ACUTE LYME DISEASE

>BULLESEYE RASH–ASSOCIATED WITH LYME DISEASE FOLLOWING A BORELLIA BURGDORFERI INFECTION FROM A FLEA BITE

55
Q

IS TICK THERE AT THE TIME OF BULLSEYE RASH

A

HELL NAW–> HE ONLY TAKES 48 HRS TO FEED THEN PEACES OUT

56
Q

STAGE 2 OF LYME DZ

WEEKS TO MONTHS LATER

A

“CARDIAC AND NEUROLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT”

  • FACIAL NERVE PALSY-BELL’S PALSY*
  • MYOCARDITIS AND HEART BLOCK*
57
Q

STAGE 3 CHRONIC LYME DZ

A

ARTHRITIS OF LARGE JOINTS (AUTOIMMUNE)

PROGRESSIVE CNS DZ

58
Q

DX OF LYME DZ

A

ELISA–> must be CONFIRMED by western blot

PCR

59
Q

tx of early LD

A

doxy, tetra or amoxicillin

60
Q

tx of chronic LD

A

IV ceftriaxone or PenG

61
Q

relapsing fever transmitted by Ixodes tick

A

Borellia hermsii

62
Q

relapsing fever caused by body louse (rare in US)

A

borrelia recurrentis

63
Q

most common in high desert of Western US

A

borrelia sp.

causing relapsing fever

64
Q

what is responsible for relapsing disease

A

antigen variatiion and changes in OSP

65
Q

diagnosis of relapsing fever

A

visualization of spirochetes on blood smear

extracellular

66
Q

tx of relapsing fever

A

doxycycline or tetracycline

67
Q

tightly coiled fine spirochetes only visible on dark microscopy

A

leptospira interrogans

68
Q

most important reservoir for leptospira in US

A

dogs

but also rats and rodents

69
Q

transmission of leptospira

A

bugs shed in the urine which contaminates the water and soil–> swimming in contaminated water
(traithalons, miners, farmers, sewer-smiths)

70
Q

dx of leptospira

A

hx of contact
rise in IgM titers
isolation from blood and urine

71
Q

tx for leptospira

A

penicillin G

(vacination for livestock and pets

72
Q

small, pleiomorphis GN rod with polar flagella

A

bartonella henslae

73
Q

transmision of bartonella henslae

A

kittens–>normal flora of the mouth, 24,000 cases per year most in children
*immunocompetent–> self-limiting short illness course

74
Q

tx of cat scratch dz

A

usually none-most resolve spont

*if severe ALD–> azithromycin, doxy, or erythromycin

75
Q

clinical course for CSD

A 
fever, tender enlarged LN's, typically on same side as bite
papule at the sight of the scratch
most time resolves wihtout sequelae
endorcrditis and encephalitis in a few
in AIDS-> bacillary angiomatosis
76
Q

expresses an antiphagocytic capsule composed of d-glutamate

A

bacillus anthracis

*capsule encoded in a plasmid

77
Q

expresses a toxin that celaves host cell MAPk’s also known as lethal factor

A

bacillus anthracis

78
Q

expresses a toxin knownas edema factor

A

bacillus anthracis

79
Q

spore former…thus high caution to medical personell

A

bacillus anthracis

80
Q

cutaneous transmission through wool

*associated with cattle and sheep but can be person to person

A

bacillus anthracis–>wool sorter’s disease

81
Q

spread of BA

A

multiplies at the infection site and spreads via regional lymph nodes

82
Q

mortality rates of BA

A 
cutaneous 5-20%
pneumonia 90-100%
GI form?
*relatively high ID50--> (8k-40K)
overall 5-15% untreated
<1% treated
83
Q

tx for bacillus anthracis

A

ciprofloxacin for 60 days

if severe, IV cipro with (ampicillin, pen g, meropenem, rifampin, or vancomycin)

84
Q

CX finding for BA infection

A

mediastinal widening

85
Q

spikes of cases after hevy rains

A

Burkgolderia pseuomallei

86
Q

whitmore’s dz or meliodosis

A

burkholderia psuedomallei
intracellular, highly adapted for living withing macrophages–> can actin network and induce lysis to escape host immune system*

87
Q

where is meliodosis common

A

SE asia, Thailand and northern australia

88
Q

found in soil, rice paddies and muddy waters

A

burkholderia pseudomallei

89
Q

aka vitenamese time bomd

A

burkholderia pseudomallei

–> pneumonia more common

90
Q

tx of burkholderia

A

ceftazidime for 8 weeks

91
Q

transmitted by tick vector or from blood interaction with a dead rabbits
*can also live in amoebas

A

tularemia A–> US form and more virulent

ID50= <10 CFU

92
Q

commonly found in AR, MO and Martha’s Vineyard Mass

A

tularemia

93
Q

tx of tularemia

A

streptomycin

94
Q

types of tularemia infection

A

60% mortal-pneumonic
3% ulceroglandular–> spreading to LN’s
Occuloglandular

95
Q

safty pin staining–>

A

yersinia pestis

ID50= 1-10 organisms

96
Q

most virulent bacteria known

A

yersinia pestis
(plague)
small GN rod encapsulated and lives in MACROPHAGES

97
Q

TRANSMISSION OF PLAGUE IS VIA

A

FLEA BITES FROM INFECTED/ASYMPTOMATIC RODENTS

CAN BE AEROLSIZED

98
Q

MAIN RODENT HOST OF PLAGUE

A

PRARIE DOGS AND RATS

99
Q

GEOGRAPHIC DIST

A

99% SE ASIA

1% WESTERN US

100
Q 
F-1 ENVELOPE ANTIGEN
LPS
V AND W ANTIGENS
YOPS
TYPE II SECRETION
EXOTOXIN
A

YERSINIA PESTIS

101
Q

TX FOR YP

A

STREPTOMYCIN AND TETRACYCLINE

*RARELYEFFECTIVE UNLESS STARTED VERY VERY EARLY

Dermatology (12 decks)

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