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Zoology > Zoology Lab Exam > Flashcards

Zoology Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are protists?

A

Unicellular
Found in different habitats (ponds to blood)
Vary in morphology, physiology, and behaviour
Formally assigned to Protista but actually do not form a monophyletic clade

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2
Q

What does the term protozoan mean?

A

Convenient way of grouping together single-celled organisms, but not a taxonomic level of classification

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3
Q

What is a convenient way of categorizing protozoans ?

A

By functional group

according to their mode of nutrition or locomotion

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4
Q

What are the four functional categories?

A

Flagellated
Amoeboid
Spore-forming
Ciliated

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5
Q

What are the FOV diameters for the 4X,10X,40X, and 100X objective?

A
  1. 5mm(4500pico metre)
  2. 8
  3. 5
  4. 2
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6
Q

Amoeboid protozoans?

A

Phylum Rhizopoda

  • no shells
  • locomote with pseudopodia(falsefeet)
  • use membrane-bound extensions of cytoplasm (vacuoles) to feed (endocytosis)
  • water and waste excreted by vacuole
  • freeliving and parasitic
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7
Q

What two amoebas under Phylum Rhizopoda did we see?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Amoeba proteus

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8
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • parasitics
  • large intestine of vertebrates (humans as well))
  • feed on rebloodcells and tissue
  • amoebic dystensery(severe diarrhea and dehydration)
  • highly-resistant encysted form (survive enviro in dormant state until ingested)
  • nuc divission in cyst
  • trophozoite(active feeding form)
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9
Q

What Entamobea histolytica

A

adult, and encysted

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10
Q

Amoeba proteus

A
  • feeliving
  • freshwater
  • bacteria algae, other protists
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11
Q

What Amoeba proteus

A

wholemount

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12
Q

Flagellated protozoans?

A

Phylum Euglenoza and Phylum Diplomonada
-single flagellum or multiple flagella
(outgrowth of cell membrane, anchored within basal body)
-sometimes joins body to form undulating membrane
-SOME parasitic species

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13
Q

What ex. of Flagellated protozoans: Trypanosoma brucei

A

-Phylum Euglenoza
-“sleeping sickness”-in Africa, affect human and livestock
_within blood stream
-through Tse Tse fly bite
-dark-staining kinetoplast(circular DNA w/ many copies in mitochondrial genome) within mitochondrion

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14
Q

What Trypanosoma brucei

A

bloodstream(trypomastigote)

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15
Q

What ex. of Flagellated protozoans: Giardia sp.

A

Phylum Diplomonada

  • “beaver fever” wildlife = imp reservoir of infection
  • release cysts into environment while humans consume
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16
Q

What Giardia sp.

A

Giardia lamblia adult stage (tryphozoites)

G. lamblia (cyst in fecal matter)

17
Q

Spore-forming protozoans?

A

Phylum Apicomplexa
-parasitic
-apical complex (aids entry into host cell)
-2 different hots to complete lifecycle
-spore-forming b/c INFECTIVE STAGE = sporozoite
MORE FAMOUS: Plasmodium - Malaria

18
Q

Life cycle of human malaria

A

Infected mosq injects sporozoites while feeding
Stops at liver, penetrated red blood cell (merozoites, asexual cycle)
-Gametocytes
-Transmission to mosq

19
Q

What spore-forming protozoans?

A

Plasmodium falciparum (trophozoites)

20
Q

How does the slide appear for the spore-forming protozoans?

A

Nuc = red
Cyto = blue
in ring-shaped TRYPHOZOITE
(asexual reprod in red blood cells)

21
Q

Ciliated protozoans?

A

Phylum Ciliophora
-cilia structurally identical to flagella
humans may have ciliated cells as well (nasal cavity and trachea have)
also used for feeding
-MORE FAMOUS: Paramecium
-MORE STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX THAN AMOEBAS
-ciliates have macro and micro nucleus

22
Q

What ciliated protozoan?

A

Stentor sp.

macronucleus has “beaded appearance”

23
Q

How do protozoans locomote?

A

Alter shape and thrusting out projections os cytoplasm (pseudopodia) - contractile protein fibers within ytoplasm

24
Q

What is a type of green algae?

A

Chlorella as food source for amoeba

25
Q

Where is Euglena common found in?

A

Ponds and streams

26
Q

Euglena is a

A

MIXOTROPH, LEAF-LIKE SHAPE

27
Q

What is a mixotroph?

A

Generating its own food when there is sufficient sunlight(mix of plant and animal)

28
Q

What does the stigma do?

A

beside basal body, detects light intensity

29
Q

What is Lugol’s solution

A

Iodine and Potassium, kills and stains Euglena

30
Q

How is food digested?

A

Enzymes secreted from cytoplasm
Into food vacuoles
(ph to acidic or alkaline mediums (on enzymes), or pH)

31
Q

What do we feed the ciliated protozoans?

A

Yeast and Congo red dye

Congo red is clue in strong acid solutions (3 or less)
Red in less (5 and up)

32
Q

Can you distinguish anterior from posterior in ciliated protozoan?

A

no

Zoology (2 decks)

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