Zoology Lab Exam 2 Flashcards
Multicellular animals are classified in the clade…
Metazoa
Metazoa falls under the level of the Kingdom…
Animalia
Kingdom animalia falls under the Domain…
Eukarya
What is a more tradition phylogeny based on animal morphology?
Embryology
What is a more modern phylogeny based on animal morphology?
Molecular (genetic) evidence
Sponges were formerly phylum…
Porifera
Sponges are actually classified in group
Parazoa
What does para mean?
Beside
What does the group Eumetazoa include?
All the other animals
How can we further classify the group Eumetazoa?
By physical characteristics
How can we classify by physical characteristics?
Symmetry
Radial symmetry
Parts arranged around central axis, squid upsidedown
Bilateral symmetry
Right and left halves are identical, turtle, dorsal/ventral
What types of symmetry are involved with the number of tissue layers?
Radial and Bilateral
What are the three basic tissue types in developing embryos that give rise to all the other structures in the body?
Ecto, Meso, Endo
What does dermis mean?
Tissue
From the clade Bilateria how can we further group?
Pattern of embryological development (Protostome(mouth forms from embryonic opening)/Deuterostome(anus forms embryonic opening)
Diploblastic
Animals with only two tissue layers (endo and ecto)
Why are sponges not considered to have those tissue types?
That’s why they are grouped beside all these other animals, Parazoa
What characters are used by both traditional and modern phylogenies?
Tissue layer, embryological development, symmetry
What two new groups can protostomes be divided into?
Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
What would be placed in the Lophotrochozoa group?
phyla Playhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca
-LARVAL STAGE (trochophore)
&DNA seq shared by all
What would be placed in the Ecdysozoa group?
phyla Arthropoda and Nematoda -MOLTING (ecdysis) shedding outer body cover ->cuticle of nematodes ->exoskeleton of arthropods
Types of Symmetry
Bilateral, Radial, None
Types of Tissue
Lack of true tissue, triploblastic, Diploblastic
Types of Body Cavity (TRIPLOBLASTIC ONLY)
Coelom=space between outer body and digestive cavity/tube
Acoelomate- no body cavity, mesoderm fills cavity
Pseudocoelomate- fluid filled cavity BETWEEN ENDoderm lining digestive tube and mesoderm
Eucoelomate(Coelomate)- digestive tube WITHIN layer of MESOderm, mesoderm lines bodycavity
What is the digestive track opening?
food enters, waste leaves, separate mouth and separate anus (two openings)
Types of circulatory system
Closed: circulatory fluid CONTAINED within vessels
Open: circulatory fluid FLOWING in coelomic areas
Types of habitat
Aquatic (Freshwater/marine), Terrestrial
Gas Exchange
exchange O and CO2 w/ environ
some have specialized structures/organs
some do not
Excretion
Specialized structures/ organs
Locomotion
how animal moves around in environment
Structural Support
Fluid (hydrostatic skeleton) Internal Skeleton (endoskeleton) External Skeleton (exoskeleton)
Segmentation
some modified for different functions (eg. specialization )
Nervous System
brain/cord present, arrangment of nerves? any sensory organs/structures? Purpose?
What does porifera mean?
pore-bearing
