Zoology 2 Flashcards
what does hexapod mean
6 feet
what does apterygote mean and what are two examples
no wings
springtails and silverfish
what does insecta mean
in sections
how do insects respire
through trachea and tracheoles via spiracles
what is a malpighian tube
the tubes in which insects excrete waste
what does hemimetabolous mean
does not pupate
what does holometabolous mean
does pupate
what are direct flight muscles
muscles that attach directly to the wing base
in dragonflies and locusts
what are indirect flight muscles
wings move by deforming the thorax
some locusts, bees, beetles and butterflies
what are the 5 orders of the subclass pterygota
odonata orthoptera diptera hymenoptera coleoptera
what kind of legs do insects have
uniramous
what kind of cleavage occurs in deuterostomes
radial
what does the blastopore form in deuterostomes
becomes anus
what does echinoderm mean
hedgehog skin
what kind of symmetry do echinoderms mean
radial symmetry
what are the 5 classes of echinoderm
asteroidea - starfish ophiuroidea - brittle stars echinoidea - sea urchins holothuroidea - sea cucumbers crinoidea - feather stars
what is a madreporite
the entry point of water into the vascular system
echinoids have pedicellariae, what are these?
pincer-like jaws
how do holothuroidea respire
via a respiratory tree
do protostomes have radial or spiral cleavage?
spiral
when did the first eukaryotes appear
4bn years ago
when did the first dinosaurs and mammals appear?
triassic period
when did reptiles originate
carboniferous era
when did fish diversify and amphibia move to land?
devonian era
what are echinoderms and hemichordates
ambulacrarians
what phyla do acorn worms belong to
hemichordata
what does chordate mean
with chord
what sub phylum do lancelets belong to
cephalochordate
what sub phyla do sea squirts belong to
urochordate
how many hox genes do humans have
39
what does the neural crest do
builds cranial nerves
what are the three classes of vertebrates
agnatha
chondrichthyes
osteichthyes
what class do sharks and rays belong to
chondrichthyes
what class do bony fish belong to
osteichthyes
what belongs to the actinopterygii
ray finned fish
what belongs to the sarcopterygii
lobe finned fish
what were the first tetrapods to evolve
amphibians
what are birds feathers made of
keratin
what does ‘saur’ mean
lizard
what does anapsid mean
no arch
what does synapsid mean
with arch
what does diapsid mean
two arches
what kind of skull do modern snakes, lizards and crocs have
diapsid
what are the 4 orders of reptilia
testudines
sphenodontia
squamata
crocodilia
what are tuatara and where are they found
lizards in the sphenodontia order
new zealand
when were dinosaurs dominant
jurassic and cretacious period
what were the two main groups of the early dinosaurs
saurischia
ornithischia
what are the two sub classes of mammalia
prototheria
theria
what are the two monotremes of prototheria
platypus and echidna
what are theria
marsupials and eutheria
what does eutheria mean
true beasts
what is the largest order of eutheria
rodontia
what are chiroptera
bats
what are the two different types of bat
megachiroptera
microchiroptera
what are the two types of primates
prosimians
anthropoids
