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Zoology > Zoology 2 > Flashcards

Zoology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does hexapod mean

A

6 feet

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2
Q

what does apterygote mean and what are two examples

A

no wings

springtails and silverfish

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3
Q

what does insecta mean

A

in sections

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4
Q

how do insects respire

A

through trachea and tracheoles via spiracles

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5
Q

what is a malpighian tube

A

the tubes in which insects excrete waste

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6
Q

what does hemimetabolous mean

A

does not pupate

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7
Q

what does holometabolous mean

A

does pupate

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8
Q

what are direct flight muscles

A

muscles that attach directly to the wing base

in dragonflies and locusts

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9
Q

what are indirect flight muscles

A

wings move by deforming the thorax

some locusts, bees, beetles and butterflies

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10
Q

what are the 5 orders of the subclass pterygota

A 
odonata
orthoptera
diptera
hymenoptera
coleoptera
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11
Q

what kind of legs do insects have

A

uniramous

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12
Q

what kind of cleavage occurs in deuterostomes

A

radial

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13
Q

what does the blastopore form in deuterostomes

A

becomes anus

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14
Q

what does echinoderm mean

A

hedgehog skin

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15
Q

what kind of symmetry do echinoderms mean

A

radial symmetry

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16
Q

what are the 5 classes of echinoderm

A 
asteroidea - starfish
ophiuroidea - brittle stars
echinoidea - sea urchins
holothuroidea - sea cucumbers
crinoidea - feather stars
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17
Q

what is a madreporite

A

the entry point of water into the vascular system

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18
Q

echinoids have pedicellariae, what are these?

A

pincer-like jaws

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19
Q

how do holothuroidea respire

A

via a respiratory tree

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20
Q

do protostomes have radial or spiral cleavage?

A

spiral

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21
Q

when did the first eukaryotes appear

A

4bn years ago

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22
Q

when did the first dinosaurs and mammals appear?

A

triassic period

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23
Q

when did reptiles originate

A

carboniferous era

24
Q

when did fish diversify and amphibia move to land?

A

devonian era

25
Q

what are echinoderms and hemichordates

A

ambulacrarians

26
Q

what phyla do acorn worms belong to

A

hemichordata

27
Q

what does chordate mean

A

with chord

28
Q

what sub phylum do lancelets belong to

A

cephalochordate

29
Q

what sub phyla do sea squirts belong to

A

urochordate

30
Q

how many hox genes do humans have

A

39

31
Q

what does the neural crest do

A

builds cranial nerves

32
Q

what are the three classes of vertebrates

A

agnatha
chondrichthyes
osteichthyes

33
Q

what class do sharks and rays belong to

A

chondrichthyes

34
Q

what class do bony fish belong to

A

osteichthyes

35
Q

what belongs to the actinopterygii

A

ray finned fish

36
Q

what belongs to the sarcopterygii

A

lobe finned fish

37
Q

what were the first tetrapods to evolve

A

amphibians

38
Q

what are birds feathers made of

A

keratin

39
Q

what does ‘saur’ mean

A

lizard

40
Q

what does anapsid mean

A

no arch

41
Q

what does synapsid mean

A

with arch

42
Q

what does diapsid mean

A

two arches

43
Q

what kind of skull do modern snakes, lizards and crocs have

A

diapsid

44
Q

what are the 4 orders of reptilia

A

testudines
sphenodontia
squamata
crocodilia

45
Q

what are tuatara and where are they found

A

lizards in the sphenodontia order

new zealand

46
Q

when were dinosaurs dominant

A

jurassic and cretacious period

47
Q

what were the two main groups of the early dinosaurs

A

saurischia

ornithischia

48
Q

what are the two sub classes of mammalia

A

prototheria

theria

49
Q

what are the two monotremes of prototheria

A

platypus and echidna

50
Q

what are theria

A

marsupials and eutheria

51
Q

what does eutheria mean

A

true beasts

52
Q

what is the largest order of eutheria

A

rodontia

53
Q

what are chiroptera

A

bats

54
Q

what are the two different types of bat

A

megachiroptera

microchiroptera

55
Q

what are the two types of primates

A

prosimians

anthropoids

Zoology (2 decks)

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