Zoo Chapters 3-4 Flashcards
Any plane passing through the center of the body divides it into two mirrored equivalent halves
Spherical Symmetry
can be divided into similar halves by more than two planes passing through one main axis
radial symmetry
can be divided along one plane into two mirrored right/left halves
bilateral symmetry
circular body plan that can be divided into 5 equal parts
pentardial symmetry
false body cavity. There is a cavity but its not lined with mesoderm
pseudocoelomate bilateria
animal whos anus is formed from the blastosphere of a blastula
Deuterostome
the third gem layer, formed in the gastrula between ectoderm and endoderm. Gives rise to connective tissues , muscle, urogenital and vascular systems, and the peritoneum.
Mesoderm
Mesoderm buds from archenteron forms cavity
Entercocoelous
repeating segments
Metamerism
Front
anterior
back
posterior
pertaining to the back, back area
dorsal
body
ventral
midline
medial
away from the midline
lateral
nearer to the origin of the body part of a limb to the body trunk
Proximal
combination of radial and bilateral symmetry. Each 4 sides are identical to the opposite side but different from the adjacent side.
Biradial symmetry
pertaining to any part of a structure farthest from midline of the body or base of attachment
distal
pertaining to the breast or chest
pectoral
pertaining to the pelvis
pelvic
divided into dorsal/ventral halves
saggital plane
characteristics that arose later in the group. Characteristics that are usually a result of evolution by Natural Selection.
Derived character
the grouping of organisms based on the presence of physical features called characters
cladistics
a branching diagram that represents organsims in terms of nested hierarchies of clades within clades
cladogram
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, speces
hierarchial categories
created taxonomy
Linneaus
The body cavity in triploblastic animals, lined with mesodermal peritoneum
coelom
without a coelom
Acoelomate (flatworms)
innermost gem layer of an embryo, forming the primitive gut; also may refer to tissues derived from endoderm
endoderm
a member of the group prostomia
protostome
characteristics that were present in common ancestor
ancestral characters
group of organisms species that share derived characters
clade
having a distinct fixed set of features or characteristics usually has a type of specimen identified that represents the ideal morphology for the species. Serves as a guide to general morphologies one might expect in that species
typological species concept
includes the most recent common ancestor of the group and some, but not all descendants of that ancestor
Paraphyletic
does not include the most recent ancestor of all member of a group. Has to include at least two seperate evolutionary origins
polyphyletic
species that has vast geographic ranges or world wide distribution. ex. orcas in every ocean
cosmopolitan
species with very restricted geographies distrubutions. Fnches, long toed salmander,
endemic
hierarchical system with major categories, errands into taxonomies ranks with nclusiveness into previous group
taxa (taxon)
2 words naming system, (Latin or Greek) 1st letter is capital. Written in italic
Binomial Nomenclature
the evolutionary process by which specialization became localized in the head end of animals.
Cephalization
a diagram whose brances represent evolutionary lineages, depicts the common descent of species or higher taxa
phylogenetic tree
ordering of species into a series of increasngly more inclusive clades according to the taxonomic distribution of synapomorphies
Nested Hierarchy
organism or species that has the fewest of the derived characters
outgroup
includes the most recent common ancestor of the goup and all of the descendants of that ancestor
Monophyletic
the relationship between a pair of species or higher taxa that are each others closet phylogenetic relatives
sister group (sister Taxon)
a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated form others) that occupies a specific niche in nature
biological species concept
True coelom, forms within the mesoderm and is completely lines with mesoderm
Eucoelomate Bilateria