Zoey Unit 2 Powerpoint Lecture 1 Respiratory System Flashcards
Inspiration VS Expiration
Inspiration= air into the lungs Expiration= air to leave the lungs
where can you put a Pulse OX? (4)
- ear
- finger
- toes
- bridge of nose
Is SPO2 part of the vital signs?
yes
how do you Perform an Allen test?
Clench fist then you look for ulnar & Radial artery. You are looking for ulnar circulation
what is PaO2?
partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
what is SaO2?
arterial saturation
Pulse OX =
SPO2
what controls respration?
chemoreceptors
what do chemoreceptors respond to?
changes in the PaCO2 and PH
where are central chemoreceptors located?
medulla
where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?
aortic arch in the heart
where are mechanical receptors located? how are they stimulated?
lungs. stimulated by stretching. prevents the lungs from being over destentited.
what are the defence mechanisms in the lungs? (6)
- nasal hair- filter inhaled air
- mucus- always is being secreted by the goblet cells
- celia- works with mucus. moves mucus up and out.
- coughing
- alveolar macrophages
- reflex bronchoconstriction
where are alveolar macrophages located?
at alveoli level.
what is the assessment of the trachea
check for alignment. it has to be midline and non tender
where do you percuss the lungs?
between the ribs. not on bony prominence.
what is a normal sound that is heard over lung tissue called?
resonance
why do you osculate?
identify obstruction in respiratory system ( no crackeling sound)
what techniques are used in physical assessment? in what order do you perform an assessment?
- inspection
- palpation- check for alignment
- percussion- check for sound; listening for resonance over lung tissue is normal
- auscultation
what is subjective data?
important health information such as
- past health information
- medication
- surgery or other treatments
what is a sign of cyenosis?
clubbing of the nails
what is objective data?
Physical Examination such as
- nose
- mouth and pharynx
- neck
- thorx and lungs
* inspection
* palpation
* percussion
* auscultation
what are the diagnostic studies of the respiratory system
- ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES
- pulse oximetry
- campnography
- campnometry
- SPUTUM STUDIES
- PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST
- BRONCHOSOPY
- thoracentesis
- lung biopsy
what does the DS of ABG do?
determine oxygen status
what does the DS of pulse oximetry do?
utilises wavelenghts of light to mesure saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen.
what does the DS of canography do?
monitors Pco2 in airway when tracing
what does the DS of capnometry do?
looking at your Co2 levels. one time reading (mesures CO2 exhales without continuous tracing)
what is kussmaul’s breathing?what causes it? what is it associated with?
a deep, rapid breathing pattern. causes a labored, deeper breathing rate. metabolic acidosis.
what does the DS of Sputum studies do?
it looks for bacteria; spontaneous; induced
what does the DS of a chest x-ray do?
identify luns, heart, and pleural space problems
what does the DS of pulmonary function test do?
asses respiration distress; evaluates lung function and volume.
what does the DS of Bronchoscopy do?
begin this test maintain NPO 8 hrs before the test. mild sedation. allows for direct visualization of the respiratory tract down to the level of the second bronchi.
what does the DS of Thoracenteses do?
needle that is inserted into the pleural space to remove a specimen of excess fluid/air
what does the DS of lung biopsy do?
small pice of tissue removed and analyzed under a microscope
what is a complication of thoracenteses?
nemothorax- punctureing the lungs
name age related changes.
- more calcifiation of the coastal cartliges
- respitory changes decline
- less forceful caough
