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Micronutrients > Zinc > Flashcards

Zinc Flashcards

1
Q

ZnTs

A

Moves zinc out of cells.

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2
Q

** ZIP14 **

Out of blood into liver

A

Located on hepatocytes, upregulated during infection.

Removes zinc from blood and away from infective organisms that can use it.

Defense mechanism.
Up regulation can indicate infection.

Liver.

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3
Q

ZIP4

A

Inversely related to zinc status.

Zinc absorption low = more ZIP4 (enhances absorption)

Mutation causes malabsorption syndrome.

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4
Q

ZIP5

Transfer to enterocyte

A

Can reabsorb zinc back into enterocyte.

Reabsorbs zinc if there’s too much in circulation.

Sloughs off cells to get rid of zinc.

Enterocyte.

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5
Q

** ZnT6 **

Transfer to lumen

A

Recycles zinc from enterocyte to the lumen to be excreted. Active.

Lumen.

Purposeful elimination.

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6
Q

** ZnT1 **

Out of cells into blood

A

Transports zinc out of cells.

Tissue cells.

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7
Q

ZIPs

A

Moves zinc into cells.

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8
Q

Sources

A

Red meats, oysters, fortified cereals.

20-30% bioavailability.

Supplementation on empty stomach.

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9
Q

RDA

A

11mg men
8 mg women

Double for vegetarians (decreased bioavailability in plant foods due to non heme iron)
Higher absorption probably (low zinc status)

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10
Q

Assessment

A

Serum

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11
Q

Function

A

Component of ~200 metalloenzymes.

Structural integrity more so than functional.
Binds to AA at catalytic sites.

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12
Q

Zinc fingers

A

Solid, stable structure for proteins. Many functions.

Can curl along DNA strands to read DNA sequences.

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13
Q

** Metalloenzyme component: Ligase and Lyase **

A

Catalyzes the joining of 2 large molecules.
Bond forming.

Catalyzes the breaking of various bonds.

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14
Q

Zinc in development/ growth

A

Regulates gene expression and cell replication.

Can result in poor growth in children if deficient because cells don’t grow fast enough.

Retardation and skeletal growth impaired.

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15
Q

Zinc and infections

A

Structural role in hormones (thymulin - immunity)

Retionol to retinal conversion (RBP synthesis retinonol binding protein)

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16
Q

Zinc and taste

A

Taste acuity.

Zinc required for gustin synthesis.

Gustin is zinc-containing protein in saliva.

17
Q

Deficiency symptoms

A

Growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, and delayed sexual maturation in children. Zn used in cell division and DNA replication.

Infection (thymulin and retinal conversion)
Skin lesions (cell growth)
Loss of taste (hypogeusia) [gustin]

18
Q

Toxicity

A

UL 40mg/ day

Also creates copper deficiency (zinc binds to metallothionine better than copper)

19
Q

Protein carriers that transfer zinc through blood

A

60% albumin

Transferrin, immunoglobulin, and the AA’s cysteine and histidine.

20
Q

Zinc storage

A

Metallothionine stores zinc in tissues.

Liver stores zinc when it’s not being transferred.

Albumin contains 60% of Zn in blood

21
Q

Enhancers

A

Acids: low pH, HCl, citric acid, AA.

Zinc is usually bound to proteins, which acids break away.

22
Q

Inhibitors

A

Non heme iron, calcium, antacids, tannins, phytates, oxalate.

Excrete zinc instead of absorb.

23
Q

Thionein

A

Upregulated when zinc levels are high.

Binds to zinc to form metallothionine.

24
Q

Gustin

A

Zinc dependent protein used for taste

25
Q

Transport

A

Transferred through the blood bound to protein carriers:
Albumin, Transferrin, Immunoglobulins, etc.
AA: histidine and cysteine

26
Q

ZIP1

Transport to tissue cells

A

Brings zinc out of blood into cell.

Can either be stored, used as a cofactor, or ego to nucleus to upregulate thionine to bind to something.

27
Q

Metallothionine

A

Directly correlated to Zn status. Bind to Zn.

More Zn = more metallothionine

28
Q

How can zinc be recycled?

A

Enterohepatic circulation

29
Q

Supplement

A

Should be taken on empty stomach.

30
Q

Excretion

A

GI tract in feces
Zn bound to metallothionine lost in cell sloughing

ZIP5 and ZnT6 purposeful elimination (GI)

35
Q

Zinc and Growth

A

Gene expression

Cell replication

36
Q

Zinc and Immune Function

A

Structural role in hormone thymulin which is part of immune system.

Retinol to retinal conversion. RBP synthesis.
Retinal binding protein

37
Q

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica

A

Mutation in ZIP4 causes Zn malabsorption.

Nigh blindness (VA), impaired wound healing, skin rashes, chronic diarrhea, swelling of corneas.

Treatment is Zn supplementation to absorb passively.

38
Q

Thymulin

A

Hormone in immune system that needs zinc.

Protects against infection.

Micronutrients (15 decks)

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