Zill Flashcards
Cutaneous Nerve for Anterior Thigh
Branches from Femoral Nerve
Cutaneous Nerve of Lateral Thigh
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Cutaneous Nerve of the Medial Thigh
Branches from the Obturator Nerve
Cutaneous Nerve of Medial Leg
Saphenous Nerve (from the Femoral Nerve)
Cutaneous Nerve of the Lateral Leg
Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve (from the Common Peroneal)
Cutaneous Nerve of the Posterior Leg
Sural Nerve (from the Tibial Nerve)
Cutaneous Nerve of Dorsal Foot
Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Cutaneous Nerve of the Sole of Foot
Medial and Lateral Peroneal Nerve
Superficial Inguinal Lymphatic Nodes: Name, Location, and Function
Horizontal Group: located below inguinal ligament and drain gluteal region and posterior thigh
Vertical Group: along termination of Great Saphenous and drains lymph from most of lower extremity
Fascia Lata
Fascia covering of the thigh; attached superiorly to Pelvis, Scarpa’s Fascia, and Inguinal Ligament
Inguinal Ligament: Origin and Insertion
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and Pubic Tubercle
Falcifrom Margrin
sharped edge lateral side of the Saphenous Opening
What does a Patellar Tendon Tap Test?
L2 - L4 (Femoral Nerve)
Hip Pointer
Contusion at Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Pes Anserinus
“Goose Foot”
Insertion site on the Tibia for Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semintendinosus
Pulled Groin
Tear or stretch of Adductor group at Pubis (adductor magnus specifically)
Obturator Nerve Spinal Origin
L2-L4
Femoral Sheath
Surrounds femoral artery, vein, and canal but NOT nerve
Two Types of Hernia and Differences
Inguinal: neck of hernia above inguinal ligament and more common in males
Femoral: neck of hernia below inguinal ligament and more common in females
Arteries that supplies Anterior Abdominal Wall and Scrotum
Superficial Circumflex Iliac, Superficial Epigastric, and Superficial External Pudendal (all from the femoral)
Gluteal Gait
caused by injury to Superior Gluteal Nerve, Poliomyelitis, and Congenital Dislocation of Hip; Positive Trendelenburg (pelvis tilts towards non-paralyzed side)
Location of Bursa in the Hip
Trochanteral Bursa: separates Gluteus Maximus from Greater Trochanter of Femur and Vastus Lateralis
Ischial Bursa: separates Gluteus Maximus from Ischial Tuberosity
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh
Large sensory nerve to posterior thigh and Gluteal region; medial to the sciatic nerve
Treating a Popliteal Aneurism
Ligate the Femoral above the knee in the Subsartorial Canal (Hunter’s Canal)
Nerves and Arteries for Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior Leg
Anterior: Deep Peroneal Nerve and Anterior Tibial Artery
Lateral: Superficial Peroneal Nerve and Posterior Tibial Artery (Lateral Branch)
Posterior: Tibial Nerve and Posterior Tibial Artery
Achilles Tendon Tap reflex test which spinal nerves?
S1 and S2
Sustenticulum Tali
part of the calcaneus that acts as a pulley system for the Flexor Hallucis Longis
Tarsel Tunnel Syndrome
Swelling of the synovial sheaths under the Flexor Retinaculum in the ankle (medial side)
Main Inverters and Everters
Inverters: Tibialis Anterior and Posterior
Everters: Peroneus Longus and Brevis (also Tertias)
Peroneal Artery
Branch of the Posterior Tibial Artery; descends in lateral part of posterior compartment
Intermittent Claudication
arteriosclerosis of the posterior tibial artery; painful cramps when moving but subsides after rest
Pulses of the Leg and Foot
Pulse of Posterior Tibial Artery: taken between medial malleolus and calcaneus
Pulse of Dorsalis Pedis Artery: taken on dorsum of foot between medial and lateral malleoli
Blount’s Disease
a condition of severe genu varus that occurs more frequently in black children; progressive and may eventually require surgery
Causes of Genu Varus (Bow legged-ness)
Blount’s Disease
Epiphyseal Dysplasia (growth plate issues)
Trauma (at the growth plate)
Rickets (Vitamin D deficiency)
Acetabulum Labrum
Rim of fibrocartilage at the acetabulum that deepens the cavity; bridges the Acetabular Notch (strengthened by the Transverse Acetabular Ligament)
Iliofemoral Ligament
Strongest ligament in the body; Connects at the Ilium and Intertrochanteric Line; Prevents overextension of the hip
Pubofemoral Ligament
Limits extension and abduction; Attaches at the superior ramus of the Pubis and the lower part of the Intertrochanteric Line
Ischiofemoral Ligament
Limits extension; Attached to Ischium and Greater Trochanter
Congenital Hip Dislocation
Failure of the upper lip of acetabulum to form; Head of femur dislocated Superiorly; leg is rotated medial and appears shorter
Fracture of Neck of Femur
Leg is rotated laterally; Common in elderly; Can lead to avascular necrosis of the head of the femur (due to loss of Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery blood supply)
High Ankle Sprain
Tear of the Anterior Inferior Tibio-Fibular Ligament
Medial (Deltoid) Ligament
Attaches to medial malleolus, Talus, and Calcaneus; Limits eversion of foot
Lateral Ankle Ligaments
Anterior Talofibular, Posterior Talofibular, and Calcaneofibular Ligament
Joints of Inversion and Eversion
Subtalar Joint: talus and calcaneus
Transverse Tarsal Joint: between talus and navicular bones medially, calcaneus and cuboid bones laterally
Pott’s Fracture
caused by excessive eversion; medial malleolus is fractured because the deltoid ligament will not break; shaft of fibula is fractured
Innervations of the Muscles of Foot
Medial: Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Digitorum Brevis, First Lumbrical
Lateral: Everything else
Medial Arch
Formed by calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and medial three metatarsels; highest arch; responsible for “fallen arches”
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament
“Spring Ligament”; keeps head of talus above ground; most important in medial arch support along with Tibialis Posterior and Anterior; weakening associated with flat feet
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
formed by the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsels; supported by Long Plantar Ligament and Peroneal Tendons
Transverse Arch
formed by cuneiform, cuboid, and metatarsels
