Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S&F1: Unit 2 > Richardson > Flashcards

Richardson Flashcards

0
Q

Organs from the Ectoderm

A

Nervous System
Epidermis (Hair and Glands)
Cornea and Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Morphogenesis

A

the movement of cells to form tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organs from Mesoderm

A 
Muscles             Bones
Cartilage            Dermis
Heart                  Blood Vessels
Blood Cells        Kidneys
Gonads              Reproductive Tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organs from Endoderm

A

GI Tract Epithelium Liver
Pancreas Pharynx
Thyroid Parathyroid
Respiratory Tract Epithelium Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gastrulation

A

Establishment of the three embryonic germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basic Embryo Timeline

A

Weeks 1-3: Fertilization through Gastrulation (Primary Germ Layers)

Weeks 3-8: Embryonic Period (Organogenesis)

Weeks 9-38: Fetal Period (Maturation of Tissues and Organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Week 1 Embryo Timeline (day by day)

A

1: Fertilization (Zygote)
2: 2 Cell
3: Morula
4: Early Blastocyte
5: Late Blastocyte
6: Beginning of Implantation
7: Invasion of Endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does fertilization take place?

A

In the Ampulla of the oviduct (Fallopian tubes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Compaction

A

cells begin to clump and become increasingly less distinct (during the eight cell stage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Blastoceol

A

a cavity formed by the accumulation of fluid between cells (very early blastocyst phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hatching of Blastocyst

A

the breaking of the blastocyst out of the zona pelucida (necessary for implantation to occur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two layers does the inner cell mass divide into?

A

Epiblast: forms all tissues of the embryo

Hypoblast: forms extraembryonic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does the primitive streak begin to appear?

A

The end of week two/beginning of week 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primitive Node

A

Anterior end of the primitive streak (also known as Henson’s node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which cells are responsible for forming the notochord?

A

Mesodermal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the only structure formed directly from the notochord?

A

Nucleus Pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prechordal Plate

A

region between the oropharangeal plate and the notochord; contributes to structures in the forebrain and oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cloacal Membrane

A

Site of future anus; Allantois forms as a diverticulum from the yolk sac which then forms part of the cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

A

Remnant of the primitive streak (when it doesn’t regress all the way); mostly in females; generally benign tumors containing tissues from all three germ layers

19
Q

Neural Tube Defects: Two Types

A

Anencephaly: failure to close neurotube at the cranial end

Spina Bifida: failure to close neurotube from the cervical region to the caudal end

Can be prevented by folic acid intake before and during pregnancy

20
Q

What structures derive from Neural Crest Cells?

A

Variety of Structures in the head
Ganglia
Adrenal Medulla
Melanocytes

21
Q

Mesoderm Layers from Most Cranial to Most Caudal

A

Paraxial
Intermediate
Lateral Plate (Splits into Parietal/Somatic and Splanchnic/Visceral)
Extraembryonic

22
Q

Paraxial Mesoderm

A

Organizes into paired somites adjacent to neural tube and notochord; forms axial skeleton, associated muscle, and dermis; number of somites can be used to date the embryo

23
Q

Cells from Somites form:

A

Dermatome (Dermis)
Myotome (Muscles)
Sclerotome (Tendon, Cartilage, Bone)

24
Q

Intermediate Mesoderm

A

Forms urogenital structures (parts of urinary system and gonads)

25
Q

Coelem

A

Body Cavity; formed by the lateral folding of the embryonic disk (closes wall of gut in the process)

26
Q

Somatic/Parietal Lateral Plate Mesoderm

A

forms the body wall

27
Q

Visceral/Splanchnic Lateral Plate Mesoderm

A

covers organs

28
Q

Hemangioblasts

A

formed from mesoderm layers; common precursors to blood cells and vessels

29
Q

Angiogenesis

A

sprouting of blood vessels from existing ones

30
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

Blood island appears in wall of yolk sac beginning week 3

Liver major site of hematopoeisis from 2-7 months

After 7 months, stem cells in bone marrow take over

31
Q

Three types of cartilage and their locations/functions

A

Hyaline: developing skeleton of embryo, epiphyseal plate of growing bones, articular cartilage, respiratory tract

Elastic: ear, epiglottis, and eustachian tube

Fibro: Intervertebral Disks, meniscus of the knee, Mandible, sternoclavicular joints, pubis symphosis

32
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common
Type 2 Collagen, Proteoglycans, and Water
Perichondrium (except for articular cartilage)
Glassy appearance
Resists Compression

33
Q

Appositional Growth

A

Cells from inner layer of perichondrium differentiate into chondroblasts; deposit matrix next to existing matrix

34
Q

Interstitial Growth

A

Growth of chondroblasts by mitosis within the cartilage matrix; new territorial matrix deposited; forms isogenic groups

35
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Matrix is Type 2 Collagen
Elastic Fibers
Perichondrium

36
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Type 2 and Type 1 Cartilage in dense regular pattern
Resists compression and stretching
No perichondrium

37
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Originate from osteoprogenitor cells
Cuboidal or columnar epithelial like cells
Secrete osteoid and form new bone

38
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Derived from monocyte/macrophage lineage
Break down bone through acidic environment (H+ ATPase)
Reside in Howship’s Lacuna

39
Q

Bone Matrix Composition

A

Osteoid: Type 1 Collagen fibers, proteoglycans, noncollagenous proteins

Inorganic: Calcium phosphate

40
Q

Interstitial Lamelae

A

partial osteons in the middle of compact bone; left over from remodeling

41
Q

Ground Bone

A

structures are visible but cellular components are destroyed

42
Q

Decalcified Bone

A

Cells are left in tact but structure is hard to see

43
Q

Intramembranous Osteogenesis

A

Forms directly in mesenchyme; used to form skull bones

44
Q

Endochondral Osteogenesis

A

forms in a cartilage template; process used to form long bones

S&F1: Unit 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions